Reduction Removal of Cr(VI) from Wastewater by CO₂ ^·− Deriving from Formate Anion Based on Activated Carbon Catalyzed Persulfate

Abstract

As a strong reducing radical, carbon dioxide anion radical(CO₂ ^·− can be generated by initiating sulfate radical(SO₄ ^·−) in the presence of formate anions(FA) for Cr(VI) reduction. Moreover, activated carbon(AC)-catalyzed persulfate(PS) oxidation is an economically justifiable, environmentally friendly, and easy-to-scale-up method to produce SO₄ ^·−. The complete removal of Cr(VI) was achieved within 280 min for an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 50 mg/L under the optional condition of c(AC)=1 g/L, [PS]₀=10 mmol/L, [FA]₀=10 mmol/L, T=30 °C, and unadjusted pH. When the molar ratio of FA to PS was greater than or equal to 1, the system maintained a strong reduction state. The mechanism investigation confirmed that FA was converted to carboxyl anion radical(CO₂ ^·−) as the predominant radical for Cr(VI) reduction. This novel system may offer a potential platform technology for Cr(VI) wastewater treatment.

Keywords

Cr(VI) / Activated carbon / Carboxyl anion radical / Persulfate / Reduction

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