Mixed-phase Mesoporous TiO₂ Film for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Mesoporous scaffold structures have played great roles in halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs), due to the excellent photovoltaic performance and commercial perspective of mesoporous PSCs. Here, we reported a mixed-phase TiO₂ mesoporous film as an efficient electron transport layer(ETL) for mesoporous perovskite solar cells. Due to the improved crystal phase, film thickness and nanoparticle size of TiO₂ layer, which were controlled by varying the one-step hydrothermal reaction time and annealing time, the PSCs exhibited an outstanding short circuit photocurrent density of 25.27 mA/cm², and a maximum power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 19.87%. It is found that the ultra-high J _sc attributes to the excellent film quality, light capturing and excellent electron transport ability of mixed-phase TiO₂ mesoporous film. The results indicate that mix-phase mesoporous metal oxide films could be a promising candidate for producing effective ETLs and high efficiency PSCs.

Keywords

Mesoporous perovskite solar cell / Mixed-phase TiO₂ / Hydrothermal method / Nanoparticle / Electron recombination

References

[1] Kojima A., Teshima K., Shirai Y., Miyasaka T. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131(17): 6050.

[2] Kim H. S., Lee C. R., Im J. H., Lee K. B., Moehl T., Marchioro A., Moon S. J., Humphry-Baker R., Yum J. H., Moser J. H., Grätzel M., Park N. G. Sci. Rep., 2012, 2(8): 591.

[3] Zhou H., Chen Q., Li G., Luo S., Song T., Duan H. S., Hong Z., You J., Liu Y., Yang Y. Science, 2014, 345(6196): 542.

[4] Yang W. S., Noh J. H., Jeon N. J., Kim Y. C., Ryu S., Seo J., Seok S. I. Science, 2015, 348(6240): 1234.

[5] Yang W. S., Park B. W., Jung E. H., Jeon N. J., Kim Y. C., Lee D. U., Shin S. S., Seo J., Kim E. K., Noh J. H., Seok S. I. Science, 2017, 356(6345): 1376.

[6] Rong Y., Hu Y., Mei A., Tan H., Saidaminov M. I., Seok S. I., McGehee M. D., Sargent E. H. Science, 2018, 361(6408): eaat8235.

[7] Chen Q., Marco N. D., Yang Y., Song T. B., Chen C. C., Zhao H., Hong Z., Zhou H., Yang Y. Nano Today, 2015, 10(3): 355.

[8] Green M. A., Ho-Baillie A., Snaith H. J. Nat. Photonics, 2014, 8(7): 506.

[9] Correabaena J. P., Saliba M., Buonassisi T., Grätzel M., Abate A., Tress W., Hagfeldt A. Science, 2017, 358(6364): 739.

[10] Yang G., Tao H., Qin P., Ke W., Fang G. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4(11): 3970.

[11] Pathak S. K., Abate A., Ruckdeschel P., Roose B., Gödel K. C., Vaynzof Y., Santhala A., Watanabe S. I., Hollman D. J., Noel N., Sepe A., Wiesner U., Friend R., Snaith H. J., Steiner U. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2015, 24(38): 6046.

[12] Heo J. H., You M. S., Chang M. H., Yin W., Ahn T. K., Lee S. J., Sung S. J., Kim D. H., Im S. H. Nano Energy, 2015, 15: 530.

[13] Yin X., Guo Y., Xue Z., Xu P., He M., Liu B. Nano Research, 2015, 8(6): 1997.

[14] Zhang H., Shi J., Xu X., Zhu L., Luo Y., Li D., Meng Q. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4(40): 15383.

[15] Zhong D., Cai B., Wang X., Yang Z., Xing Y., Miao S., Zhang W. H., Li C. Nano Energy, 2015, 11: 409.

[16] Wang X., Li Z., Xu W., Kulkarni S. A., Batabyal S. K., Zhang S., Cao A., Wong L. H. Nano Energy, 2015, 11: 728.

[17] Tao H., Ke W., Wang J., Liu Q., Wan J., Yang G., Fang G. J. Power Sources, 2015, 290: 144.

[18] Qiu J., Qiu Y., Yan K., Zhong M., Mu C., Yan H., Yang S. Nanoscale, 2013, 5(8): 3245.

[19] Jaramillo-Quintero O. A. S. d l, Fuente M., Sanchez R. S., Re-calde I. B., Juarez-Perez E. J., Rincon M. E., Mora-Sero I. Nanos-cale, 2016, 8(12): 6271.

[20] Yu Y., Li J., Geng D., Wang J., Zhang L., Andrew T. L., Arnold M. S., Wang X. ACS Nano, 2015, 9(1): 564.

[21] Burschka J., Pellet N., Moon S. J., Humphry-Baker R., Gao P., Na-zeeruddin M. K., Grätzel M. Nature, 2013, 499(7458): 316.

[22] Jeon N. J., Noh J. H., Yang W. S., Kim Y. C., Ryu S., Seo J., Seok S. I. Nature, 2015, 517(7535): 476.

[23] Wu W., Huang F., Chen D., Cheng Y. B., Caruso R. A. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2015, 25(21): 3264.

[24] Xiang Y., Ma Z., Zhuang J., Lu H., Jia C., Luo J., Li H., Cheng X. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2017, 121(37): 20150.

[25] Zhang Z. L., Li J. F., Wang X. L., Qin J. Q., Shi W. J., Liu Y. F., Gao H. P., Mao Y. L. Nanoscale Res. Lett., 2017, 12(1): 43.

[26] Li J. F., Zhang Z. L., Gao H. P., Zhang Y., Mao Y. L. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3(38): 19476.

[27] Yin H., Wada Y., Kitamura T., Kambe S., Murasawa S., Mori H., Sa-kata T., Yanagida S. J. Mater. Chem., 2001, 11(6): 1694.

[28] Liu B., Aydil E. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131(11): 3985.

[29] Subramanian A., Ho C. Y., Wang H. J. Alloys Compd., 2013, 572(5): 11.

[30] Kim H., Lim K. G., Lee T. W. Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, 9(1): 12.

[31] Jung H. S., Park N. G. Small, 2015, 11: 10.

[32] Luo J., Jia C., Wan Z., Han F., Zhao B., Wang R. J. Power Sources, 2017, 342: 886.

[33] Kim H. S., Lee J. W., Yantara N., Boix P. P., Kulkarni S. A., Mhai-salkar S., Grätzel M., Park N. G. Nano Lett., 2013, 13(6): 2412.

[34] Ma Z., Lu H., Zhao F., Xiang Y., Zhuang J., Li H. RSC Advances, 2017, 7(47): 29357.

[35] Moraseró I., Bisquert J., Fabregatsantiago F., Garcia-Belmonte G. Nano Lett., 2006, 6(4): 640.