A new and facile strategy for determination of lead and cadmium using silver electrodes manufactured from digital versatile discs

Abstract

The use of a digital versatile disc(DVD)-based Ag electrode for the square-wave anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ was described. The effect of I^– on the stripping analysis of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ at Ag electrodes was first studied. I^– significantly improved the stripping peaks of both Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺. The square-wave voltammetric stripping response was linear over 5―50 μg/L for Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ with a deposition time of 118 s. The detection limits were 0.2 and 2.6 μg/L for Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺, respectively. The high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of this DVD-based Ag electrode enabled its practical application for simple, rapid and economical determination of trace levels of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ in tap water samples. In addition, detection can be achieved without sample deoxygenation and the electrode can be easily manufactured.

Keywords

Digital versatile disc(DVD)-based Ag electrode / Ag / Pb²⁺ / Cd²⁺ / Stripping analysis

References

[1] Ahmad Rezvani S., Soleymanpour A. J. Chromatogr. A, 2016, 1436: 34.

[2] Maria Pereira Barbosa V., Francisco Barbosa A., Bettini J., Orival Luccas P., Costa Figueiredo E. J. Talanta, 2016, 147: 478.

[3] Zhang Y., Mao X. F., Liu J. X., Wang M., Qian Y. Z., Gao C. L., Qi Y. H. J. Spectrochim. Acta B, 2016, 118: 119.

[4] Ma S. S., He M., Chen B. B., Deng W. C., Zheng Q., Hu B. J. Talanta, 2016, 146: 93.

[5] Promphet N., Rattanarat P., Rangkupan R., Chailapakul O., Rodthongkum N. J. Sensors Actuat B: Chem., 2015, 207: 526.

[6] Rosolina S. M., Chambers J. Q., Lee C. W., Xue Z. L. J. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2015, 893: 25.

[7] Cerovac S., Guzsvány V., Kónya Z., Ashrafi A. M., Švancara I., Roncevic S. K. Á, Dalmacija B., Vytras K. J. Talanta, 2015, 134: 640.

[8] Wang J., Lu J. M., Hocevar S. B., Ogorevc B. J. Electroanalysis, 2001, 13: 13.

[9] Pauliukaite R., Brett C. M. A. J. Electroanalysis, 2005, 17: 1354.

[10] Kachoosangi R. T., Banks C. E., Ji X. B., Compton R. G. J. Anal. Sci., 2007, 23: 283.

[11] Banks C. E., Kruusma J., Hyde M. E. J. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2004, 379: 277.

[12] Kruusma J., Banks C. E., Compton R. G. J. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2004, 379: 700.

[13] Gouveia-Caridade C., Pauliukaite R., Brett C. M. A. J. Electroana-lysis, 2006, 18: 854.

[14] Svancara I., Baldrianova L., Tesarova E., Hocevar S. B., Elsuccary S. A. A., Economou A., Sotiropoulos S., Ogorevc B., Vytras K. J. Elec-troanalysis, 2006, 18: 177.

[15] Krolicka A., Pauliukaite R., Evancara I., Metelka R., Bobrowski A., Norkus E., Kalcher K., Vytras K. J. Electrochem. Commun., 2002, 4: 193.

[16] Baldrianova L., Svancara I., Economou A., Sotiropoulos S. J. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2006, 580: 24.

[17] Van Staden J. F., Matoetoe M. C. J. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000, 411: 201.

[18] Nolan M. A., Kounaves S. P. J. Anal. Chem., 1999, 71: 3567.

[19] Bonfil Y., Brand M., Kirowa-Eisner E. J. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2002, 464: 99.

[20] Brand M., Eshkenazi I., Kirowa-Eisner E. J. Anal. Chem., 1997, 69: 4660.

[21] Zen J. M., Yang C. C., Kumar A. S. J. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2002, 464: 229.

[22] Bonfil Y., Kirowa-Eisner E. J. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2002, 457: 285.

[23] Mikkelsen O., Schroder K. H. J. Electroanalysis, 2001, 13: 687.

[24] Bagel O., Lagger G., Girault H. H., Brack D., Loyall U., Schafer H. J. Electroanalysis, 2001, 13: 100.

[25] Zen J. M., Yang C. C., Kumar A. S. J. Electrochim. Acta, 2001, 47: 899.

[26] Song Y. H., Luo D., Ye S. H., Hou H. Q., Wang L. J. Applied Surface Science, 2012, 258: 2584.

[27] Cavalcanti I. T., Guedes M. I. F., Sotomayor M. D. P. T., Yamanaka H., Dutra R. F. J. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2012, 67: 225.

[28] Yu H. Z. J. Chem. Commun., 2004, 23: 2633.

[29] Daniel D., Gutz I. G. R. J. Electrochem. Commun., 2003, 5: 782.

[30] Westbroek P., de Strycker J., Dubruel P., Temmerman E., Schacht E. H. J. Anal. Chem., 2002, 74: 915.

[31] Richter E. M., de Jesus D. P., Neves C. A., do Lago C. L., Angnes L. Quim, J. Nova, 2003, 26: 839.

[32] Yu H. Z. J. Anal. Chem., 2001, 73: 4743.

[33] Daniel D., Gutz I. G. R. J. Electroanalysis, 2001, 13: 681.

[34] Yu H. Z., Rowe A. W., Waugh D. M. J. Anal. Chem., 2002, 74: 5742.

[35] Anson F. C., Barclay D. J. J. Anal. Chem., 1968, 40: 1791.

[36] Barclay D. J., Anson F. C. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1970, 28: 71.

[37] O’Dom G. W., Murray R. W. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1968, 16: 327.

[38] Wu K. B., Hu S. S., Fei J. J., Bai W. J. Anal.Chim. Acta, 2003, 489: 215.

[39] Shi Z. C., Wu S. J., Lipkowski J. J. Electrochim. Acta, 1995, 40: 9.