Chemical evolution of LiCoO₂ and NaHSO₄·H₂O mixtures with different mixing ratios during roasting process

Abstract

Mixtures of NaHSO₄·H₂O and LiCoO₂ extracted from spent lithium-ion batteries were prepared with molar ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. The chemical evolution of the LiCoO₂ and NaHSO₄·H₂O mixtures during the roasting process was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the chemical reactions in the LiCoO₂ and NaHSO₄·H₂O mixtures proceed during the roasting process. The Li element in the product of the roasting process is in the form of LiNa(SO₄). With the increase of the proportion of NaHSO₄·H₂O in the mixtures, the Co element evolves as follows: LiCoO₂→Co₃O₄→ Na₆Co(SO₄)₄→Na₂Co(SO₄)₂. The roasting products exhibit dense structures and irregular shapes, and the bonding energy of Co increases.

Keywords

Spent lithium-ion battery / LiCoO₂ / Sulfating roasting / Chemical evolution

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