Preparation, structure and magnetic properties of lithium substituted NiO by molten salt method

Abstract

A typical Li⁺ substituted NiO compound, Li_0.29Ni_0.71O, was synthesized by molten nitrate method. The effects of Li⁺ substitution on the structure and magnetic properties of NiO were investigated. X-Ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM) analyses confirm the cubic structure of Li_0.29Ni_0.71O, with a primary particle size of 150 nm. Analysis of the Ni X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) shows the transformation from Ni²⁺ to Ni³⁺ induced by Li⁺ substitution. Two magnetic transitions were observed at 225 and 55 K which were assigned to the ferrimagnetic ordering and spin glass transition, respectively. The different magnetic behavior with respect to that of NiO was attributed to the break of superexchange interaction Ni²⁺-O-Ni²⁺ and the formation of different spin clusters after non-magnetic Li⁺ doping.

Keywords

NiO / Magnetic property / Substitution effect

References

[1] Kanno R., Kubo H., Kawamoto Y., Kamiyama T., Izumi F., Takeda Y., Takano M. J. Solid State Chem., 1994, 110: 216.

[2] Nagasaka Y., Ohta H., Kawakami K., Ueda A., Ono S., Ikeuchi Y., Nanba T., Hirano A., Kanno R. J. Phys. Chem. Solid, 2003, 64: 1949.

[3] Morales J., Perez V. C., Tirado J. L. Mater. Res. Bull., 1990, 25: 623.

[4] Li W., Reimers J. N., Dahn J. R. Phys. Rev. B, 1992, 46: 3236.

[5] Wang C. W., Ma X. L., Li Z. C., Liang Y. G., Sun J. T., Zhou Y. H. Electrochem. Commun., 2006, 8: 289.

[6] Huang X. H., Tu J. P., Zhang B., Zhang C. Q., Li Y., Yuan Y. F., Wu H. M. J. Power Sources, 2006, 161: 541.

[7] Huang X. H., Tu J. P., Zhang C. Q., Xiang J. Y. Electrochem. Commun., 2007, 9: 1180.

[8] Sung W. O., Hyun J. B., Young C. B., Yang K. S. J. Power Sources, 2007, 173: 502.

[9] Rahman M. M., Chou S. L., Zhong C., Wang J. Z., Wexler D., Liu H. K. Solid State Ionics, 2010, 180: 1646.

[10] Belhomme C., Cassir M., Devynck J., Gregoire G. J. Mater. Sci., 2000, 35: 2683.

[11] Bajpai A., Banerjee A. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 2001, 13: 637.

[12] Seehra M. S. Phys. Rev. B, 1988, 38: 11898.

[13] Manna S., De S. K. Sol. Stat. Commun., 2009, 149: 297.

[14] van Elp J., Eskes H., Kuiper P., Sawatzky G. A. Phys. Rev. B, 1992, 45: 1612.

[15] Wu J., Nan C. W., Lin Y. H., Deng Y. Phys. Rev. Letts., 2002, 89: 217601.

[16] Antolini E. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2003, 82: 937.

[17] Arai H., Tsuda M., Saito K., Hayashi M., Takei H., Sakurai Y. J. Solid State Chem., 2002, 163: 340.

[18] Soriano L., Preda I., Gutierrez A., Palacin S., Abbate M. Phys. Rev. B, 2007, 75: 233417.

[19] Liu H. S., Li J., Zhang Z. R., Gong Z. L., Yang Y. Electrochem. Acta, 2004, 49: 1151.

[20] Kim H. J., Lee J. B., Kim Y. M., Jung M. H., Jaglicic Z., Umek P., Dolinsek J. Nanoscale Res. Lett., 2007, 2: 81.

[21] Pena O., Guilloux V. M., Antunes A. B., Peng W., Ma Y. W., Gao Z. S., Moure C. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2009, 321: 1723.

[22] Auslous M., Elliot R. J. Magnetic Phase Transitions, 1983, Berlin: Springer-Verlag 99.

[23] Wang D. P., Chen H., Du F., Bie X. F., Liu L. N., Wei Y. J., Chen G., Wang C. Z. Chem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2010, 26(2): 283.

[24] Liu N., Yan G. Q., Xu S. J. Chem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2005, 21(6): 707.