Dual-channel event-triggered consensus of multi-agent systems under DoS attacks over switching topologies

Abstract

In this paper, a dual-channel event-triggered control (ETC) protocol with a state estimator is designed in multi-agent systems with switching topologies under denial-of-service attacks. Firstly, an ETC protocol and a dynamic ETC protocol are designed in the communication channel and the controller–actuator channel, respectively. Different from the traditional single-channel ETC, the dual-channel ETC is designed to further save resources. Second, an estimator is introduced to avoid continuous communication between agents. The sufficient conditions for realizing consensus are obtained under denial-of-service attacks. Moreover, due to the unstable communication topology of multi-agent systems, we designed a distributed controller based on switching topologies. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulations.

Keywords

Dual-channel event-triggered / DoS attacks / MASs / switching topologies

References

[1] Cheng W.,Jiang B..Fixed-time fault-tolerant formation control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems with parameter uncertainties and disturbances.IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Ⅰ Regul. Pap.2021;68:2121-33

[2] Wang C.,Cao J.,Liu Y..Neural network-based distributed adaptive pre-assigned finite-time consensus of multiple TCP/AQM networks.IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Ⅰ Regul. Pap.2021;68:387-95

[3] Zamani N.,Kamali M..Distributed adaptive consensus tracking control for non-linear multi-agent systems with time-varying delays.IET Control Theory Appl.2020;14:3382-94

[4] Guo X..Prescribed-time bipartite consensus for signed directed networks on time scales.Int. J. Control.2021;96:508-16

[5] He W.,Han Q. L.,Kurths J..Leader-following consensus of nonlinear multiagent systems with stochastic sampling.IEEE Trans. Cybern.2017;47:327-38

[6] He W.,Han Q..Network-based leader-following consensus of nonlinear multi-agent systems via distributed impulsive control.Inf. Sci.2017;380:145-58

[7] Luo Y.,Cao J.,Lin G.Event-triggered guaranteed cost consensus control for second-order multi-agent systems based on observers.Inf. Sci.2021;546:283-297

[8] Li W.,Sun S..Fully distributed event-triggered consensus protocols for multi-agent systems with physically interconnected network.Neurocomputing.2020;418:191-9

[9] Li X.,Karimi H.Consensus of multi-agent systems via fully distributed event-triggered control.Automatica.2020;116:108898

[10] Hu A.,Hu M.Consensus of nonlinear multiagent systems with intermittent dynamic event-triggered protocols.Nonlinear Dyn.2021;104:1299-313

[11] Chen X.,Xu W.,Qiu J..Evolution modeling and control of networked dynamic games with event-triggering mechanism.Chaos.2025;35:013102

[12] Chen C.,Xiang Z.Event-triggered consensus of multiple uncertain euler–lagrange systems with limited communication range.IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst.2023;53:5945-54

[13] Li K. Z. u,Sun X. M..Model-based dynamic event-triggered control for systems with uncertainty: a hybrid system approach.IEEE Trans. Autom. Control.2021;66:444-51

[14] Hu W.,Huang T..A distributed dynamic event-triggered control approach to consensus of linear multiagent systems with directed networks.IEEE Trans. Cybern.2020;50:869-74

[15] Koike R.,Matsuno F.Output-based dynamic event-triggered consensus control for linear multiagent systems.Automatica.2021;133:109863

[16] Xiang Z.,Zou W.Event-triggered optimal control for a class of continuous-time switched nonlinear systems.IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng.2025;22:1620-30

[17] He W.,Ahn C. K.,Xiang Z.Sampled-data stabilization of stochastic interconnected cyber-physical systems under DoS attacks.IEEE Syst. J.2022;16:3844-54

[18] Feng Z..Secure cooperative event-triggered control of linear multiagent systems under DoS attacks.IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol.2020;28:741-52

[19] Guo X. G.,Wang J. L..Event-triggered adaptive fault-tolerant pinning control for cluster consensus of heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent systems under aperiodic DoS attacks.IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng.2021;8:1941-56

[20] Yang Y.,Yue D.Event-trigger-based consensus secure control of linear multi-agent systems under DoS attacks over multiple transmission channels.Sci. China Inf. Sci.2020;63:150208

[21] Chen Z.,Zhao C.Convergence time of average consensus with heterogeneous random link failures.Automatica.2021;127:109496

[22] Lin X.,Wang L.Consensus of switched multi-agent systems with random networks.Int. J. Control.2016;90:1113-22

[23] De Persis C..Input-to-state stabilizing control under denial-of-service.IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.2015;60:2930-44

[24] Qin J.,Zheng W. X..On the bipartite consensus for generic linear multiagent systems with input saturation.IEEE Trans. Cybern.2017;47:1948-58

[25] Bhowmick S..Leader–follower bipartite consensus of linear multiagent systems over a signed directed graph.IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II.2019;66:1436-40

[26] Chen X.,Yang T.,Qiu J.Event-triggered bipartite consensus of multiagent systems with input saturation and DoS attacks over weighted directed networks.IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst.2024;54:4054-65

[27] Hu S.,Chen X.,Jiang X.Dynamic event‐triggered control for leader‐following consensus of multiagent systems with the estimator.IET Control Theory Appl.2022;16:475-84