Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed C–H Carboxylation of Benzoic Acids and Benzamides with CO2

Lei Fu; Raolin Huang; Shangda Li; Yuzhen Gao; Chunlin Zhou; Meng Zhang; Lei Yang; Lei Cai; Gang Li

doi:10.1002/cjoc.70091

Chinese Journal of Chemistry ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (17) : 2167 -2173. DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.70091

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Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed C–H Carboxylation of Benzoic Acids and Benzamides with CO₂

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Abstract

The production of chemicals using carbon dioxide (CO₂) as the one-carbon source is a sustainable strategy for organic synthesis. Herein, we report an unprecedented rhodium-catalyzed, carboxyl-directed aryl C−H carboxylation of benzoic acids with CO₂ under redox-neutral conditions to afford valuable phthalic acids. In addition, this method could be modified for benzamides by using a different N-heterocyclic carbene ligand to produce phthalimides, demonstrating the versatility of this protocol.

Keywords

C–H activation / Carbon dioxide / Carboxylation / Rh(I)-catalysis / Benzoic acids / Benzamides / N-Heterocyclic carbene / Redox-neutral

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Lei Fu, Raolin Huang, Shangda Li, Yuzhen Gao, Chunlin Zhou, Meng Zhang, Lei Yang, Lei Cai, Gang Li. Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed C–H Carboxylation of Benzoic Acids and Benzamides with CO₂. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 2025, 43(17): 2167-2173 DOI:10.1002/cjoc.70091