Unraveling the Dynamic Landscape of RNA Modifications: Insights from MS, NMR, and Beyond

Abstract

RNA modifications greatly expand the functional diversity of RNA molecules, impacting RNA's stability, folding, and interactions with other biomolecules. These modifications play critical roles in cellular processes and are increasingly linked to disease states. Developments in mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and chemical probing techniques have provided insights into the mechanisms and functions of RNA modifications. Combining these experimental approaches allows researchers to explore the complexities of RNA modifications and their effects on RNA structure and dynamics. This review highlights recent progresses in the field and examines how the integration of MS, NMR, and complementary techniques is advancing our understanding of RNA modifications and their biological significance.

Keywords

RNA modification / Structural dynamics / Mass spectrometry (MS) / Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) / Biophysics

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2025 SIOC, CAS, Shanghai, & WILEY-VCH GmbH