Investigating the elution mechanism and efficiency of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol removal from pickled hide using β-cyclodextrin

Abstract

The residual issue of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TriCP) affects the leather industry because excessive 2,4,5-TriCP levels are detected in several finished leather products. This study reports the feasibility of using ecofriendly cyclodextrins (CDs) for 2,4,5-TriCP removal from pickled hide via host-guest interactions. Molecular docking, fluorescence spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring results confirmed that β-CD was suitable for 2,4,5-TriCP removal owing to its appropriate cavity structure. Batch elution experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of key parameters on the removal efficiency of β-CD, including time, temperature, sodium chloride (NaCl), β-CD concentrations, and the number of elution cycles. The mentioned optimal elution conditions were identified: 8% (w/v) NaCl, 120 min duration, 5 g·L^− 1 β-CD, 298.15 K, and five elution cycles. 2,4,5-TriCP (40.55–116.39 mg·kg^− 1) was completely removed, meeting the international ecotextile standard limit for chlorophenol (0.05 mg·kg^− 1). Finally, the physical properties of the β-CD eluted pickled hide samples were barely affected compared to the samples treated using the conventional process, confirming that β-CD could be used as a green eluting agent for sustainable leather production.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Pickled hide / β-cyclodextrin / 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol / Inclusion complex / Elution

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Funding

“Ju Yuan Xing Chuan” Project of Sichuan Province(2022ZHCG0128)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(22208226)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s)