Enzyme–and GSH–responsive gelatin coated magnetic multi-shell hollow mesoporous organosilicon nanoparticles for avermectin controlled release

Abstract

To enhance the utilization of pesticides and reduce environmental risks, we constructed the magnetic recyclable and dual stimulus-responsive microspheres to achieve on-demand pesticide release. Magnetic multi-shell hollow mesoporous organosilicon nanoparticles (mMSN) were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method and loaded with pesticide avermectin (A@mMSN), afterward A@mMSN was coated with gelatin through emulsification and chemical cross-linking to prepare A@mMSN@G microspheres (21.5 ± 9.7 μm). After being absorbed by the pests, the gelatin layer was hydrolyzed with the neutral protease, and the disulfide bonds within mMSN framework were decomposed by glutathione (GSH), endowing A@mMSN@G microspheres with enzyme and GSH responsiveness to achieve sustained avermectin release till 7 days (about 3.5 times that of the commercial avermectin emulsion). Importantly, the A@mMSN@G microspheres containing Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles could be easily magnetically collected from soil with a recovery ratio of 63.7%, to reduce the environmental risks. With excellent biosafety, A@mMSN@G microspheres showed outstanding pest control effects till two weeks and the growth of cabbage was not affected by it. Therefore, based on the recyclability and dual stimulus-responsive controllable release, the fabricated A@mMSN@G microspheres have broad application potential in pesticide delivery.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Gelatin / Magnetic multi-shell hollow mesoporous organosilicon nanoparticles (mMSN) / Dual stimulus responsiveness / Magnetic recyclability / Avermectin delivery

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Funding

Guangzhou Science and Technology Program Project(No. 202206010187)

Guangzhou Science and Technology Program Project(No. 202206010187)

Guangzhou Science and Technology Program Project(No. 2023B03J1332)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 22208115)

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No. 2023ZYGXZR041)

Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No. 2022QNRC001)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s)