INTRODUCTION
TWO-DIMENSIONAL NANOMATERIALS AS NANOZYME FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Graphene and derivatives-based nanozyme
2 Graphene-based nanomaterials as nanozymes for detection and therapy. A Illustration of GO-COOH serving as a peroxidase mimic for glucose detection. B The absorbance change curves of the TMB oxidation reaction catalyzed by GO-COOH with varied concentrations. C The absorbance change curves for various samples. Reproduced with permission (Song et al. 2010). D Schematic diagram of GQDs with light-dependent ROS-regulated activity. Cell viability of HUVECs damaged by H2O2 (E) and X-ray (F) under the antioxidant protection of GQDs with varied concentrations. G GQDs showed completely opposite effect of ROS regulation performance under the exposure of light. Reproduced with permission (Chong et al. 2016) |
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal oxides (TMOs) -based nanozymes
3 Antioxidant nanozyme for various diseases treatment. A Schematic illustration of V2O5-based nanozymes for anti-HIV-1 infection. BThe activation of viral transcription in CD4+ T cells from three HIV-1-infected patients in the treatment of V2O5 nanosheets. HIV transcripts measured by RT-PCR. Reproduced with permission (Singh et al. 2021). C Experimental illustration of black phosphorus nanosheets for acute kidney injury therapy. D, E Blood analysis of mice from different groups. Reproduced with permission (Hou et al. 2020). F Photographs and the NIR fluorescence imaging of brains after various treatments (1. Cy5-PEG-BP; 2. Cy5-PEG + NIR; 3. Cy5-PEG-BP + NIR). Reproduced with permission (Chen et al. 2018) |
Black phosphorus nanosheet-based nanozymes
2D transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) nanosheet-based nanozyme
4 TMCs nanosheets and MXenes scavenging activity. A Schematic diagram for the functionalization of TMD nanosheets and their ROS and RNS scavenging for sepsis treatment. B ROS and RNS levels in LPS-induced inflammatory BMDMs incubated with different TMD nanosheets. C 100 h survival rate of septic mice with treatment of 0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg of WS2. Reproduced with permission (Yim et al. 2020). D Schematic illustration of Nb2C-PVP with SOD-like activity to reduce IR-induced damage. E Cell viability of 3T3/A31 cells after treatment with Nb2C-PVP suspension at varied concentrations. F Survival percentage of BALB/C mice under the radiation of sub-lethal TBI and lethal TBI with different pretreatments. Reproduced with permission (Ren et al. 2019) |
MXene nanosheet-based nanozyme
2D metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheet-based nanozyme
5 2D MOF nanosheets for biosensing application. A Schematic illustration of the fabrication of 2D M-TCPP (Fe) nanosheets as biomimetic enzyme. B The real-time monitoring of H2O2 secreted by MDA-MB-231 cells. Reproduced with permission (Wang et al. 2016). C Schematic of AuNPs/Cu-TCPP(Fe) hybrid nanosheets catalyzing the cascade reactions. D, E The UV–Vis absorption spectra of different solutions. Reproduced with permission (Huang et al. 2017) |
Other 2D families nanosheet-based nanozyme
6 2D materials mimic enzyme-catalyzed reactions. A Schematic illustration of NbSe2 nanosheets for anti-inflammation and light-induced anti-cancer therapy. B Cell viability of HUVECs under H2O2 environment. Reproduced with permission (Miao et al. 2020). C The evaluation of dehydrogenase-like activity of different nanosheets, i.e., CdSe, SnS, SnSe. Reproduced with permission (Gao et al. 2020). D Schematic of NIR-II responsive Cu2MoS4 nanosheets of dual enzyme-like activities. E The photographs of MDR S. aureus-infected mice after different treatments. Reproduced with permission (Shan et al. 2020) |
CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
1 Applications of two-dimensional materials-based nanozyme in biomedicine |
Material | Enzyme-like activity | Application | Reference |
GO-COOH, GQDs | Oxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase | Glucose detection, antioxidant protection | Song et al. 2010,Chong et al. 2016 |
V2O5 nanosheets | Glutathione peroxidase | Anti-HIV-1 infection | Singh et al. 2021 |
Black phosphorus nanosheets | Superoxide dismutase | Acute kidney injury therapy, neurodegenerative disorder therapy | Hou et al. 2020,Chen et al. 2018 |
2D transition metal chalcogenides | Superoxide dismutase, nitrate reductase | Sepsis treatment | Yim et al. 2020 |
Nb2C (MXene) | Superoxide dismutase | Radioprotectant | Ren et al. 2019 |
2D MOF | Catalase, peroxidase | H2O2 detection, glucose detection | Wang et al. 2016,Huang et al. 2017 |
NbSe2 | Superoxide dismutase, nitrate reductase | Anti-inflammation | Miao et al. 2020 |
SnSe | Dehydrogenase | Dehydrogenation catalysis | Gao et al. 2020 |
Cu2MoS4 | Oxidase, peroxidase | Antibacterial treatment | Shan et al. 2020 |