Human infestation by Amblyomma helvolum in the Komodo dragon habitat: implications for wildlife conservation

Abstract

Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites that play a critical role in wildlife health and disease transmission. While Amblyomma helvolum is a well-known specialist parasite of reptiles, particularly the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), its infestation of atypical hosts remains poorly documented. This study describes the first confirmed case in which A. helvolum infested a human in Indonesia and discusses its broader implications for wildlife health and conservation management. A tick sample was recovered from a staff member involved in wildlife monitoring at Loh Buaya, Rinca Island, within Komodo National Park. Morphological examination revealed that the sample was an adult male A. helvolum, which was further corroborated by molecular analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, which revealed 99–100% similarity to reference sequences. Concurrent field observations also revealed the presence of A. helvolum on V. komodoensis within the same locality, highlighting an active tick‒host interface. This documented host-switching event serves as a biological sentinel, reflecting intense ectoparasite pressure within the native reptile population and the potential for pathogen spillover. These findings underscore the necessity of integrating ectoparasite surveillance into routine wildlife health monitoring and biosecurity protocols to safeguard both the endangered Komodo dragon and the personnel dedicated to its conservation in high-interaction habitats.

Keywords

Amblyomma helvolum / Host switching / Varanus komodoensis / Wildlife health / 16S rRNA

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Funding

The Center for Higher Education Funding and Assessment (PPAPT)

Beasiswa Pendidikan Indonesia/Indonesian Education Scholarship (BPI)

Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s)