Characterization of three African swine fever viruses from different clinical settings revealed a potential attenuation mechanism

Jiajia Zhang; Yuening Wang; Kaili Zhang; Dafu Deng; Kai Peng; Wanglong Zheng; Nanhua Chen; Penggang Liu; Shaobin Shang; Ruichao Li; Jianzhong Zhu

doi:10.1186/s44149-024-00130-1

Animal Diseases ›› 2024, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (1) : 24. DOI: 10.1186/s44149-024-00130-1

Original Article

Characterization of three African swine fever viruses from different clinical settings revealed a potential attenuation mechanism

Jiajia Zhang¹^,²^,³^,⁴ ,
Yuening Wang¹^,²^,³^,⁴ ,
Kaili Zhang¹^,²^,³^,⁴ ,
Dafu Deng¹^,²^,³^,⁴ ,
Kai Peng¹^,²^,³^,⁴ ,
Wanglong Zheng¹^,²^,³^,⁴ ,
Nanhua Chen¹^,²^,³^,⁴ ,
Penggang Liu¹^,²^,³^,⁴ ,
Shaobin Shang¹^,²^,³^,⁴ ,
Ruichao Li¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^k ,
Jianzhong Zhu¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^m

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Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and fatal hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boars caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) that currently threatens the pig industry worldwide. Since the 2018 ASF outbreak in China, ASFV has evolved and caused diverse clinical manifestations, such as chronic and asymptomatic infections. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying ASFV attenuation in the field. Here, we isolated three ASFVs from one diseased and two asymptomatic pigs by using primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) from both domestic pigs and Bama minipigs. The three ASFVs exhibited similar phenotypes in cell culture, including cytopathic effects (CPEs), hemadsorptions (HADs), viral protein expressions and growth curves. Genome sequencing revealed that all three ASFVs were genotype II strains. Genomic comparisons suggested that the disruption of the viral genes MGF360 and MGF110, rather than EP402R and EP153R, is likely involved in the potential attenuation of ASFV via the upregulation of innate immune responses.

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Jiajia Zhang, Yuening Wang, Kaili Zhang, Dafu Deng, Kai Peng, Wanglong Zheng, Nanhua Chen, Penggang Liu, Shaobin Shang, Ruichao Li, Jianzhong Zhu. Characterization of three African swine fever viruses from different clinical settings revealed a potential attenuation mechanism. Animal Diseases, 2024, 4(1): 24 https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-024-00130-1