Phytochemical investigation of the branches of Viburnum awabuki K. Koch led to the isolation of thirteen known compounds, including five lignans (1-5), one phytosterol (6), two phenylpropanoids (7-8), one chromone derivative (9), three pentacyclic triterpenoids (10-12), and one glyceride (13). The structures of these compounds were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison of experimental data with literature data. Additionally, the chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated secondary metabolites was also discussed.

This study reviews the hepatotoxic chemicals, mechanisms of toxicity, and detoxification methods of Toosendan Fructus (TF). Limonin-type triterpenoids, as primary hepatotoxic components, mediate toxicity though inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, and apoptosis. Hepatotoxicity can be mitigated by controlling dosage, using processed forms of the herbs, and through rational herbal compatibility. The review provides insights for enhancing the safety and clinical application of TF.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE), recognized for its minimal reagent dosage, rapid analysis, and high efficiency, holds significant promise for the analysis of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). This article reviews the application of CE in the determination of active ingredients in TCM. The active substances of herbal medicines have been classified and discussed based on their chemical properties, and the CE methods applied to different substances are summarized and discussed. This article also provides some suggestions for future research and improvement.