Bioinspired Permeable Soft Electronics for Advanced Healthcare Monitoring

Abstract

Permeability is a critical but often overlooked constraint in next-generation on-skin soft electronics for long-term healthcare monitoring. Poor permeability disrupts cutaneous transpiration and thermoregulation, leading to pathological sequelae including skin allergies, maceration, and inflammation. Nature has evolved diverse porous architectures that provide powerful bioinspired blueprints for engineering permeable electronic systems. Building on this, recent breakthroughs in materials science, structural design and multimodal functional integration have facilitated the development of permeable electronics that maintain skin homeostasis while delivering sophisticated healthcare monitoring. This review systematically evaluates the latest advancements in permeable soft electronics for advanced healthcare monitoring, with a focus on their transdisciplinary design principles and clinical relevance. First, we highlight the importance of skin permeability from the perspective of its physiological mechanisms and introduce permeable soft electronics inspired by natural porous architectures. Based on these characteristics, we discuss the recent progress across the nanoscale, microscale, mesoscale, and macroscale. Finally, we explore the remaining challenges and future directions for permeable electronic systems in advanced healthcare monitoring, focusing on multimodal sensing units, data processing units, and supplementary support units in the era of the Internet of Things.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

Soft electronics / Bioinspired design / Permeable electronics / Healthcare monitoring / System integration

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Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China(62201446)

Young Talent Support Plan of Xi’an Jiaotong University, the Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Program(YGJC202207)

Major Project Achievement Support-Major Project Cultivation Program of Xi’an Jiaotong University(XZD012023035)

Program of Aeronautics Science Foundation(ASFC-20230029070030)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Donghua University, Shanghai, China

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