Ion Coordination–Reduction Synergy Constructs CNFene/Cu Nanoparticles to Regenerate Silk Fibroin Fibers for Reliable and Precise Smart Pulse Diagnosis

Abstract

Flexible silk fibroin (SF) wearable sensors demonstrate significant potential in remote health monitoring and medical diagnostics. However, conductive fibers fabricated from SF substrates suffer from poor conductivity, limited durability, unstable signal transmission, and susceptibility to complex bodily fluids. These shortcomings impede their integration with Traditional Chinese Medicine applications. Therefore, this study pioneers a novel ion-coordination and reduction synergistic strategy to fabricate regenerated silk fibroin fibers (RSFx) for pulse diagnosis monitoring. Intrinsically conductive nanocellulose (CNFene) was blended with SF solution and wet-spun to produce a foundational internal conductive skeleton regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) fiber. Copper ion coordination with SF regulated the crystal structure, forming a dense sheath-like copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) modification layer upon reduction, thereby enhancing conductivity stability even after 10000 bending-straightening cycles and 500 twists. The high conductivity and excellent hydrophobicity for RSF6 fibers enable stable pulse signal acquisition. This facilitates the quantitative assessment of core physical pulse parameters (width, frequency, and depth), providing an objective data reference for evaluating human health status and specific Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes. The employed Support Vector Machine-Random Forest (SVM-RF) adaptive collaborative optimization model achieves 98.44% pulse recognition accuracy. This sensor advances the objectification of pulse diagnosis, pioneering a flexible sensing application pathway guided by Traditional Chinese medical theory, suitable for primary healthcare and home health monitoring.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

Ion coordination–reduction synergy / Regenerated silk fibroin fiber / Pulse diagnosis / Wet spinning

References

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Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China(52273095)

Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2026C02A1202)

State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials(KF2314)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Donghua University, Shanghai, China