Minuscule ZnV₂O₄ Entrapped Carbon Nanofiber Composite Cathode for Long-Lasting Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZiBs) offer a sustainable, cost-effective, and safe alternative to lithium-ion batteries, yet they face challenges related to cathode limitations, such as low energy density and stability issues. In this study, we report the successful synthesis of minuscule ZnV₂O₄ nanoparticles uniformly integrated into conductive carbon nanofibers (m-ZnV₂O₄@CNFs) via electrospinning followed by a reduction heat treatment. Structural and electrochemical analyses demonstrate that this composite considerably improves ionic and electronic conductivity, reduces vanadium dissolution, and preserves structural integrity during extended cycling. In situ X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses reveal a partial structural transformation from the spinel ZnV₂O₄ phase to a layered vanadate phase, which stably coexists with residual spinel structures, enhancing both capacity and stability. Electrochemical testing demonstrates exceptional cycling stability, with a specific capacity of approximately 175 mAh·g⁻¹ after 600 cycles at 100 mA·g⁻¹, and outstanding longevity over 10,000 cycles at an increased current density of 2 A·g⁻¹. This study provides valuable insights into the design of multifunctional cathode materials, advancing the practical application of AZiBs.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

Aqueous zinc-ion battery / Zinc vanadium oxide / Electrospinning / Carbon nanofiber / Cathode

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Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)(RS-2023-00213749)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Donghua University, Shanghai, China

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