Floatable S-scheme Bi₄O₅Br₂/C₃N₄/Carbon Fiber Cloth with Robust Internal Electric Field for Efficient Photocatalytic Antibiotic Decontamination

Abstract

Sunlight-driven catalysis has been recognized as a prospective strategy to achieve efficient wastewater purification, but its widespread adoption is hampered by persistent challenges, including unsatisfactory catalytic performance and difficult recovery of powdery catalysts. Addressing these limitations, we present a self-floating S-scheme Bi₄O₅Br₂/C₃N₄/carbon fiber cloth (BiBr/CN/CC) heterojunction-a robust, recyclable photocatalyst engineered for safe and efficient degradation of aquaculture antibiotics. This hierarchical architecture features a conductive carbon fiber cloth (CC) core enveloped by Bi₄O₅Br₂/C₃N₄ (BiBr/CN) nanosheets, synergistically combining buoyancy, practical recoverability, and superior photocatalytic performance. The S-scheme configuration between Bi₄O₅Br₂ and C₃N₄ directs photogenerated electrons from BiBr to CN via a robust internal electric field (IEF), preserving optimal redox capacities, contributing to abundant ROS generation for photoreactions. Accordingly, BiBr/CN/CC displays the exceptional photocatalytic activity for oxytetracycline (OTC) destruction, with an OTC destruction rate of (0.0120 min^‒1), significantly exceeding BiBr/CC (0.0085 min^‒1) and CN/CC (0.0051 min^‒1) by 0.4 and 1.4 times, respectively. More significantly, BiBr/CN/CC manifests excellent practicality due to its effortless recovery and operation, excellent robustness, and good environmental adaptability. Furthermore, the OTC decomposition process and intermediates’ eco-toxicity, along with the photocatalysis mechanism are thoroughly explored. This research underscores the significance of devising self-floating, recyclable and high-performance photocatalysts for water decontamination.

Graphical Abstract

A floatable macroscopic Bi₄O₅Br₂/C₃N₄/carbon fiber cloth heterojunction was engineered to address the critical challenges of unsatisfactory catalytic performance and recyclability in photocatalytic water purification. This innovative architecture integrates Bi₄O₅Br₂ nanosheets and C₃N₄ layers onto a carbon cloth, synergizing the advantages of a hierarchical structure, built-in buoyancy, and S-scheme charge transfer dynamics. This fabric manifests intriguing prospects for practical application, advancing the design of recyclable S-scheme heterojunctions for environmental remediation

Keywords

Bi₄O₅Br₂/C₃N₄/carbon fiber cloth / S-scheme / Recyclable / Photocatalysis / Antibiotic removal

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Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1809214)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Donghua University, Shanghai, China