Electrospinning Engineering for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: From Multi-scale Structural Regulation to Energy Storage Performance Enhancement

Abstract

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are strong contenders for next-generation energy storage systems due to their advantages of safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. However, challenges such as zinc dendrite formation, cathode dissolution, and electrolyte side reactions have hindered their development. Electrospinning technology can be employed to fabricate high-surface area, porous, and tunable nanofiber membranes, offering innovative solutions for optimizing the performance of AZIBs (anodes, cathodes, separators, and electrolytes). This review systematically summarizes the research progress on the utilization of electrospinning technology for the multi-scale structural regulation and performance enhancement of AZIBs. First, the working principle of AZIBs and the existing challenges of each AZIB component are analyzed. Then, the influences of electrospinning parameters (i.e., voltage, spinneret solution composition, and environmental factors) on fiber morphology and function are discussed, highlighting their potential for improving battery performance. The review further focuses on the design of AZIB components, summarizing the application cases of electrospun materials in AZIBs. These materials include: (1) cathodes: derived carbon nanofiber/metal oxide composites with enhanced electronic conductivity and structural stability; (2) anodes: three-dimensional porous fiber scaffolds or interfacial layers that suppress zinc dendrites and promote uniform zinc deposition; (3) separators: functionalized nanofiber membranes that exhibit high ionic conductivity and dendrite suppression; (4) solid-state electrolytes: polymer composite fiber-based solid-state electrolytes with improved interfacial compatibility. Finally, this review highlights the ongoing need for using electrospinning methods to achieve breakthroughs in the large-scale production, interfacial optimization, and long-term cycling stability of AZIBs. On this basis, this review proposes future research strategies that integrate artificial intelligence (AI) bionic design, in-situ characterization, and green material development, aiming to provide key theoretical and technical support for the practical application of high-performance AZIBs.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

Aqueous zinc-ion battery / Electrospinning / Structural stability / Interface regulation / Zinc dendrites

References

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Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20554)

Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2025AFB768)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Donghua University, Shanghai, China