Governing risk in Anthropocene coasts: institutional frictions and social resilience in post-tsunami Chile

Abstract

In the Anthropocene, coastal settlements face escalating socio-natural hazards, demanding highly adaptive and integrated disaster risk governance. However, a significant ‘governance gap’ often persists in post-disaster implementation. Using the 2015 Illapel earthquake and tsunami (M_w 8.3) in Coquimbo (Chile) as an empirical laboratory, this qualitative study investigates the institutional friction hindering sustainable coastal recovery. Using grounded theory and ethnographic techniques, we analyze the perspectives of ‘street-level bureaucrats’, public officials executing recovery strategies. The findings reveal a critical decoupling between rigid territorial planning instruments and dynamic community risk perceptions, which are deeply rooted in place attachment. We identified three systemic barriers to coastal adaptation: institutional inertia, marginalization of psychosocial factors in technical protocols, and conflict between physical safety mandates and local socioeconomic habitability. This study demonstrates how the Global South challenges traditional top-down urban planning models. To navigate these frictions, we argue for a transition toward 'closed-loop governance’, emphasizing the need to institutionalize social resilience and 'mixed resilience zoning’ in a legally binding manner as core, non-negotiable components of coastal management in highly exposed environments.

Keywords

Coastal management / Disaster risk governance / Social resilience / Street-level bureaucrats / Place attachment / Tsunami hazards

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