There were analyzed basic objective laws of development of mental retardation forms, pointing to the progressive nature of this disease. It was shown that in common practice objective assessment of IQ by Wechsler is not perceived as essential criterion in definition of degree of mental retardation. Very often psychiatric patients become to be examined by psychiatrists too late, at about the age of 8 years, are quickly disabling and during later years are having a standard set of curative and rehabilitative activities, without any noticeable clinical effect. The first results of additional method usage of transcranial micropolarization and its effectiveness were shown, confirmed by the data of detailed neurophysiologies survey.
With the application of electron microscope technique the morphology of axon-dendritic synapses in area CA1 of rat hippocampus under 96-hour paradoxical sleep deprivation has been studied. On the basis of quantitative and qualitative-morphometric analysis it has been stated that the ultrastructure of the components of most symmetrical and asymmetrical axon-dendritic synapses were deeply affected in response to the 96-hour paradoxical sleep deprivation. The revealed ultrastructural alterations in axon-dendritic synapses of CA1 area can be considered as synaptic level of disturbances of neurophysiological mechanisms of learning and memory processes.
The article presents self-attitude patterns of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients in relation to clinics and therapy of GAD. A variant of therapeutic resistance, due to involvement of current treatment in disease pattern of GAD is discussed. A way to overcome such therapeutic resistance variant is shown.
The influence of parenting features on the aggression behavior of deviant teenagers and teenagers with normal behavior is examined. The influence of different styles of children-parents' relations on the formation of aggressive behavior in deviant teenagers and teenagers with normal behavior is shown.
There were given characteristics of psychophysiological parameters of law enforcement officials, serving in Public Security Police and in Criminal Police. Analysis of psychophysiological state of law enforcement officials, depending on their service length, has been performed. It was determined that persons with different length of service differ in such psychophysiological parameters as trait anxiety, short-term acoustic memory, accuracy of senso-motor reaction and balance of nervous processes.
There were studied frequency of metastasis to central nervous system of different (in localization) malignant tumors and their histological variants in patients of the Republic of Tatarstan for the period of 1998-2007. High-risk-CNS-metastasis patients should regularly undergo neurological and neurosurgery examination and neurovisualization.
Fifty patients with neurotic disorders, 25 patients with neurosis-like disorders and 13 healthy volunteers (control group) aged from 18 to 61 years were studied during 2007-2010 year period in the Unit of neuroses and psychotherapy of the St. Petersburg V.M. Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute. All the studied people passed special hormone and biochemical blood tests, indicating the level of oxidative stress as well. It was discovered that influence of stress in neurotic patients resulted in organism's adaptation that changed metabolic background in cells providing human survival in extreme conditions and reducing the risk of a cardiovascular pathology formation.
Frequency of patients' complains of giddiness with othelcosis before operation and at different terms after it has been analyzed; their connection with presence of spontaneous nystagmus has been studied. It was revealed increase of giddiness frequency and spontaneous nystagmus during 7-10-th day study; and this can be considered as inner ear response to operative treatment. After 30-day investigation it was seen a reliable decrease of giddiness frequency, though rate of spontaneous nystagmus has not truly decreased. It was shown a positive influence of operative treatment on giddiness frequency, but in 48, 8% patients there was preserved a spontaneous nystagmus after 5-6 operation months despite their subjective improvement.
122 schoolchildren at the age of from 12 till 16 years, having suffered a craniocereberal trauma, were surveyed: the 1st group with brain concussion and the 2nd group with brain contusion of an easy degree. All the patients in the acute period and after 6 months had the acoustical caused potentials. The research revealed increase of the latent period mainly in the 2nd group. Parameters of amplitude of Р2 wave show that acoustical cortex regions are in a state of agitation for a long time.
The principal biological, psychobiological, psychological and psychopathological models of craving are reviewed. Their connections with the genesis and clinical implications of compulsive-habitual behavior are considered. It is pointed out that no single model explains craving completely or provides a universal therapeutic strategy. A one-sided psychopathological interpretation and resulting psychopharmacological approaches to the treatment of addiction are critically evaluated.
Special features and methods in young children neuropsychological evaluation were examined. Ontogenesis peculiarities were shown, on which principle diagnostic principle formation is based. Classification of methods was offered with description of further usage of the obtained results. There were considered risks and approaches to neurological study of early age children.
Peculiarities of cognitive disorders in Parkinson disease, modern neurovisualization methods in differential diagnostics of Parkinson disease and parkinsonian syndromes were studied. Possibilities of Voxel-Guided Morphometry were shown in diagnostics of cognitive disorders in Parkinson disease patients, as well as world achievements in this field.
The questions of pathogenesis of post stroke seizures, predictors and clinical peculiarities of epileptic seizures in patients with vascular lesions of brain, antiepileptic therapy, being frequently discussed in literature, were analyzed. Moreover, some peculiarities of methods of statistical data analysis were considered.
24 women with narcissistic personality disorder and with alcoholic, medicamental and workaholic addictions were observed. It was shown that narcissism disorder presupposes addictive behavior. It was noted the main addictive motivation in persons with narcisstic organization of psyche. It was observed that addictive behavior was included in the general style of life only episodically and does not lead to the formation of the full development of the progressive addictive process. Authors describe the types of family relationships that predisposed the development of the narcissistic disorder.
On the data basis of clinic- neurophysiologic monitoring there were offered electrophysiological criteria for determining the moment of preventive reflexotherapy start in patients with tension-type headache. Usage of this system in 25 patients during 8 months made it possible to improve reliably treatment results with decreased number of reflexotherapy courses as compared with the standard approach, when reflexotherapy was assigned only at clinical manifestation of the pathological process.
The clinical case of meningopolyneuritis in a young patient with HIV infection is presented. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the nervous system defect in HIV infection/AIDS and the questions of the differential diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
Mechanisms of formation of hypochondria in patient with comorbid panic disorder and alcoholic addiction were studied.