At the beginning of the XX century , the famous Russian professor D. Ott suggested using ventroscopy for the diagnosis of diseases of the abdominal cavity organs, which allowed an examination of internal organs without an incision of the abdominal wall. For decades, surgeons such as Kelling, Kalk, Wittman, V. S. Saveliev, V. M. Buyanov, P. X. Vasiliev and others have done a lot to introduce into practice a low-traumatic method of invasive diagnostics - laparoscopy, in which the examination is carried out with an optical device inserted through a puncture of the abdominal wall.

The data of endoscopic investigations and surgical interventions are presented. The experience of the performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomies allows to outline a number of essential considerations as to the tactics of their performance.

From 1983 to 1992, 4,000 operations, 162 endoscopic papillosphincterotomies were performed in the departments of the Republican Clinical Hospital for cholecystitis and its complications; 3836 laparoscopies were performed on a planned and urgent basis for various diseases of the abdominal cavity.

The experience of vagotomy using laparoscopic equipment in patients with duodenal cer is described. Some advantages of laparos- ! copie vagotomy over analogous intervention by means of laparotomy are noted: the posterior trunk of vagus nerve is more readily differentiated, the danger of damage of mucous membrance of the stomach in seromyotomy is less, traumatism is less.

It is shown that the coagulation of bile passages does not prevent the outfrow of bile from them in postoperative period which is connected with real threat of the formation of bile flows with consequences of every description. The drainage of subhepatic space is an obligatory stage of the completion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

The data devoted to the important section of endosurgery — the development and introduction of equipment for operations are presented.

Obstructive ventilation disorders in patients with various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis are one of the leading factors in the development of respiratory failure and have a significant impact on the nature of the course, effectiveness and duration of treatment, disability of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis [6]. According to various authors, the frequency of detection of bronchoobstructive syndrome in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis ranges from 38.2% to 75.7% and is determined by many factors — age, the presence of destruction, nonspecific bronchitis and chronic heart disease, a form of tuberculosis [4, 5]. There are quite a lot of patients with bronchial obstruction of a functional nature, and this requires adequate correction of obstructive disorders accordingly [1]. Due to the individual sensitivity of patients to bronchodilators, it is necessary to select the most effective drug according to the acute test data.

The results of study of the strength characteristics of vertebrae and intervertebral disks of the mobile part of vertebral column of a person in postenbryonal ontogenesis are given. The data obtained statistically allow to consider the pathogenesis of formation of Shmorl’s hernias, posterolateral hernias of intervertebral disks and the mechanism parts of the traumatic compression of vertebral bodies in persons of various age groups.

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is one of the formidable purulent surgical diseases in children. About 75% of cases of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis occur in childhood. The frequency of hematogenous osteomyelitis in children is 2.2-10% of all surgical diseases, and 12.2% of all purulent-septic diseases.

In order to clarify the hereditary predisposition to specific diseases, a search is underway for the relationship between genetically determined constitutional human traits (genetic markers) and individual diseases. Such genetic markers include the skin relief of the palms and fingers of a person, the study of which formed the basis of dermatoglyphics [5].

The present notions of pathogenesis of contracture are presented, the manual therapy methods for the given pathology are described, the utility of a combination of the therapy method with auriculoacupuncture is stressed.

The comparison of results of the influence of dimephosphone and nootropile on the intellectual functions of brain in children in complicated forms of. intellectual deficiency (hypo- and hyperdynamic variants) has revealed the nootropic effect of dimephosphone.

Currently, in most developed countries, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCE) is the surgery of choice for cholelithiasis (GI) [2, 14, 20]. However, in patients with complicated forms of GI, its successful implementation depended on solving a number of issues related to preoperative diagnosis and treatment tactics. Laparoscopic operations are characterized by unusual exposure for the surgeon, the impossibility of palpation of the intervention zone and, finally, the technical difficulties that arise when performing additional manipulations in non-standard situations. In particular, choledocholithiasis is a serious problem when performing LHE and forces, among other main reasons, to switch from laparoscopic surgery to open surgery [18]. Therefore, the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis and treatment tactics for LHE require special attention.

Blood clotting is a complex enzymatic process, at the end of which plasma globulin fibrinogen turns into fibrous fibrin. Blood clotting factors make an important contribution to hemostasis. This can be seen from the fact that disorders in the blood clotting system can cause, on the one hand, bleeding, and on the other — thrombosis and embolism. In addition to hemostatic function, many plasma coagulation factors are involved in a number of other reactions that provide homeostasis.

The expansion of the range of laparoscopic operations requires the creation of new tools that ensure the simplicity and reliability of surgical interventions, reducing their duration and frequency of complications

The patentable method of treatment of in- grown nail is proposed which eliminates the reason of ingrown nail relapse by means of the nail matrix impression.

November 30, 1993 marked the 70th anniversary of the birth and 40 years of scientific and pedagogical activity of Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Gabdulkhak Gilmullovich Nasibullin, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, an excellent health worker, the first professor of orthopedic and surgical dentistry from the Tatars in the country.