The fundamental features of the modern era predetermined the special attention that the 26th Party Congress paid to the problems of ideological work. Noting the change in the modern conditions in which ideological work is being carried out, namely, the significant enrichment of knowledge, the increased culture of the Soviet people, the expansion of the arsenal of the party's ideological means, on the one hand, and the increase in the activity of the propaganda means of the class enemy, on the other, Comrade L. I. Brezhnev in the report of the Central Committee of the CPSU he pointed out that the new phenomena and circumstances, the enormous possibilities of our propaganda are not yet fully used. We must strive to make the content of ideological work more relevant, and its forms meet the modern demands and needs of the Soviet people.

Abstract. The modern arsenal of chemotherapeutic agents (alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antitumor antibiotics, herbal preparations), substances that indirectly affect the intensity of tumor growth, and symptomatic therapy are considered.

Abstract. The informative value of urgent cytological operational research in various areas of oncosurgery has been studied. The data of these studies were summarized during 773 operations, including 424 laparotomies, 195 thoracotomies and 154 other surgical interventions. Histological control confirmed the reliability of cytological findings in 93.9%. In 11 cases of discrepancy between cytological and histological findings, the reliability of the cytological diagnosis was subsequently established. It is recommended to include data from puncture biopsy of various objects of the operating field as criteria for resolving questions about indications for surgery, the volume and plan of surgical intervention.

Abstract. Morphohistochemical results. Studies of biopsy material from 51 patients with skin hemangiomas of various localization showed that the earliest and most permanent sign of vascular tumor activation is the accumulation of unsulfated acid glycosaminoglycans, mainly hyaluronic acid, in the walls of blood vessels and the stroma of the tumor itself

Abstract. The efficacy of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the complex therapy of perifocal pneumonia in patients with central lung cancer was studied. The use of enzymes has an anti-inflammatory, sputolytic effect and facilitates the diagnosis (finding atypical cells in sputum) of lung cancer.

Abstract. The case histories of 16 patients with chondrosarcoma in childhood and young age were analyzed. The features of the clinical course are revealed and the variants of the radiological picture of chondrosarcomas are described: mainly lytic and sclerotic.

Abstract. The clinical variants of the course of insuloma are diverse, which sometimes leads to an erroneous diagnosis of epilepsy and hysteria. In the recognition of insuloma, one of the essential signs is the relief of attacks by eating or introducing a 40% glucose solution, reducing the intervals between meals. The absence of clinical manifestations of irritation of the sympathoadrenal system does not exclude insuloma.

Abstract. A retrospective analysis of the long-term observation of the dynamics of normal glucose tolerance in 564 women was carried out. Re-examination revealed violations of tolerance in 33.8% (of doubtful type in 25.7% and of diabetic type in 8.1%). An unfavorable prognostic value of the blood glucose content after glucose loading was established after 1 hour - from 7.8 mmol / L and more and after 2 hours - from 6.1 mmol / L or more. It is proposed to consider these levels as the limit of normoglycemia at the indicated time intervals when conducting a test for glucose tolerance. Glycemia from 7.8 to 9.9 mmol / L 1 hour after glucose loading and from 6.1 to 7.2 mmol / L after 2 hours are regarded by the authors as risk zones for diabetes mellitus.

From 6 to 12% of the population of economically developed countries suffer from various mental disorders, more than 80% of which are borderline forms of neuropsychic pathology [2]. These include those psychopathological conditions that are manifested by symptoms of anxiety and fear, increased fatigue and exhaustion, increased irritability, anxious suspiciousness, low mood, obsessions, senestopathies, hypochondria, insomnia, autonomic disorders. These mental disorders are observed both in mental illnesses - neuroses, psychopathies, sluggish schizophrenia, and in neurosis-like and psychopathic conditions arising from somatic diseases [12]. The pathogenesis of borderline states has not been fully studied, but the fundamental idea that psychogenic (sociogenic) and biological (constitutional, genetic, 'exogenous) factors are combined in their origin in a dialectical unity has been established in Russian literature. It is generally accepted that the treatment of patients with borderline conditions should be comprehensive - to combine psycho- and pharmacotherapy [2, 3]. Psychotherapy addresses the psychogenic links of pathogenesis, pharmacotherapy - to biological ones.

Abstract. The experience of the treatment of patients with cervical osteochondrosis in the conditions of the plant's first-aid post is generalized. The advantages of this method of treatment on an outpatient basis in large-scale production are shown.

Abstract. In the clinical picture of alcoholic delirium in young people, there are fewer frightening hallucinations and zoopsy. Experiences relate to individual parts of the body, human images. Alcoholic delirium is often associated with fairly pronounced auditory hallucinations. Delusional experiences are less pronounced. In some cases, there is no correspondence between the severity of the effects and psychomotor agitation.

Abstract. Twenty-seven operations of circular scleral depression were performed during detachment of the mesh shell using a tape made of domestic silicone rubber. Complete retinal adhesion occurred in 23 eyes, incomplete - in 2; in 2 eyes the retina is not attached. Circular indentation of the sclera during retinal detachment with silicone rubber reduces the risk of cutting the sclera. The indentation shaft constantly tends to come close to the mesh. t Key words: retinal detachment, treatment.

Abstract. The experience of treating 263 patients with acute abscesses and lung gangrene is generalized. Acute abscesses are mainly subject to conservative treatment; surgical interventions were performed in 13%. With gangrene of the lung, conservative treatment and palliative operations are futile. Preference is given to early radical operations performed before dangerous complications occur. Possible ways to reduce mortality in acute pulmonary suppuration are indicated.

Abstract. In patients with severe postpartum mastitis, along with the usual intensive complex therapy, autodermoplasty was successfully used to improve the outcome of the disease.

Abstract. A study of the opsonic function of an alternative pathway of complement activation in 95 children with pyelonephritis was carried out. A decrease in indicators in the acute phase was revealed in most patients, regardless of the form of pyelonephritis. Given the technical simplicity and high information content, this method can be recommended for use in monitoring the dynamics of the course of the pyeloephritic process in children and for prognosis.

The key to the normal functioning of the heart muscle is the delivery of metabolites to it with blood, primarily oxygen, corresponding to the needs. When the balance between the supply of oxygen to the heart and its demand is imbalanced, myocardial ischemia occurs. This condition is a central link in the pathogenesis of the so-called coronary or ischemic heart disease (IHD). In 89–94% of patients with coronary artery disease, it is caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries and aorta [15, 21, 26]. Regarding the pathogenetic treatment of chronic forms of coronary artery disease (CHD), namely angina pectoris, one should dwell on such points as the normalization of the psychoemotional sphere (tranquilizers), an increase in coronary blood flow and oxygen delivery (coronary active agents, β-adrenoactivators), a decrease in myocardial oxygen demand (R -adrenergic blockers, cordarone, calcium antagonists), redistribution of coronary blood flow from non-ischemic zones to ischemic zones (β-blockers), hemodynamic restructuring (nitrates), switching myocardial metabolism to a reserve anaerobic pathway (gliosiz, nonahlazine), effect on blood circulation antibiotics ). All these agents used for the treatment of angina pectoris are called antianginal drugs and in some cases can be combined with analgesics, cardiac glycosides, anticoagulants, antiarrhythmic, lipid-lowering and other drugs for the complex treatment of IBO.

Acute intestinal obstruction is one of the most severe diseases of the abdominal organs. Diagnostics, the correct choice of treatment in the pre- and postoperative periods are topical issues of emergency surgery. Mortality in this disease remains high and, unfortunately, does not tend to decrease.

89 patients with benign tumors of the hand (men - 47, women - 42) were under observation. Most of them are between 20 and 40 years old. Benign tumors directly related to the bones of the hand were present in 30 patients: osteomas - in 4, chondromas - in 20 (enchondromas - in 18, echondromas - in 2), osteoblastoclastomas - in 4, osteochondral exostoses - in 2. The rest 59 patients had benign tumors that did not have an intimate connection with the bones of the hand (fibromas, lipomas, hemangiomas, glomus tumors, myxomas, etc.).

Sh., 63 years old, was admitted to the clinic in a planned manner on 18/4 1979 with a referral diagnosis: postcholecinstectomy syndrome. Complains of constant pain in the right hypochondrium, aggravated by eating, constipation, occasionally blood in the feces, frequent urge to stool.

We have studied disability injuries and their relationship with social and hygiene factors at a plant that produces film and photo materials. Information about the age, length of service, time and circumstances of the injury and the assistance provided, etc. were copied onto special cards from the outpatient cards of the trauma center at the outpatient clinic of the plant's medical unit, from sick leave certificates and accident reports. All 202 workers and employees who were injured were called to study long-term results. 47.5% of injured people are men, although their share in the team is much smaller - 33%. More often injuries are recorded among workers in older age groups (from 50 to 59 years), which can be explained by some disregard for compliance with safety rules.

Until now, measures for the prevention of industrial injuries at glass industry enterprises have not been sufficiently developed. We decided to share our experience in organizing preventive work at the glass ring plant.

Over the past 10 years, 574 patients with multiple fractures have been hospitalized in the traumatology department. There were 62.5% of men and 37.5% of women. Patients aged from 21 to 60 years predominated (73.6%). The terms of admission of victims to the hospital ranged from 15 minutes to 6 hours from the moment of injury (81%).

In the trauma center from 1973 to 1979, 80 cases of fractures of the heel bones in children were registered. Since both calcaneus were injured in 4 victims, the number of fractures was 84, or 1.0% of all fractures and 10.9% of foot fractures in children aged 1 to 15 years. 73 children with calcaneus injuries are boys. There were only 12 children under the age of 7, the rest were older. In all children, fractures occurred as a result of direct trauma: in 73 from a fall from a height and in 7 from a blow or compression of the heel region. The right and left heel bones were injured equally often. Significant displacement of fragments of the calcaneus with damage to its articular surfaces in children is relatively rare. We identified such fractures in 8 patients. Their treatment, as well as those of victims with fractures of both calcaneus bones, was carried out in stationary conditions.

Our task was to find out the possibility of wider use of lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes and to unify the registration of the data obtained. To do this, we performed the Queckenstedt test in patients with sequelae of closed brain trauma who had no contraindications to lumbar puncture with the study of CSF dynamics (fundus congestion, Bruns syndrome, bulbar syndrome). The following six indicators were recorded: CSF pressure (LD) in the patient's lying position; LD in the sitting position of the patient; maximum LD with Kvekkenstedt's test (after 10 s of continuous compression of the jugular veins); minimum LD at Kvekkenstedt's test (10 s after the termination of compression of the jugular veins); LD after the release of a certain (usually 3-6 ppm) amount of cerebrospinal fluid required for laboratory research; the total amount of released liquor, usually collected in three test tubes - for clinical (protein, cytosis, sediment microscopy), biochemical (sugar, chlorides, calcium, etc.) and serological (Wasserman river, etc.) studies.

3., 43 years old, 1/24/1977 fell and hit his head. Lost consciousness for several minutes. In the first hours after the injury, there was repeated vomiting. 1/25 3. was admitted to the neurosurgical department. On admission he complained of headache and dizziness.

We analyzed the deaths that were observed in the dental department over the past 18 years (from 1957 to 1974). 9 patients died (females - 4, males - 5), including at the age of 11 years - 1, from 31 to 40 years - 2, from 41 to 50 years - 4, over 50 years - 2. In 4 of the patients, the lethal outcome was associated with a gunshot wound and in 5 patients with an inflammatory process. The cause of death in a gunshot wound to the maxillofacial region was, as a rule, severe shock and brain damage. Such patients died on the first day after being wounded. The death of patients with inflammation in the maxillofacial region was associated, as a rule, with thrombosis of the dura mater, septicopyemia, mediastinitis, dystrophic changes in internal organs. As an illustration, we present an extract from the medical history.

To determine the reaction of the lymphatic system, taking into account its damage in severe concomitant injuries with retroperitoneal hemorrhages, we studied the case histories of 62 patients who were treated in the surgical department for closed abdominal trauma.

We carried out a study of the content of sulfhydryl (SH-) blood groups according to the modified method of V.V. Sokolovsky in 98 patients with fractures of long bones aged 60 to 90 years and older. The concentration of SH-groups was determined in dynamics - on the day of admission to the hospital and on the 2-4-5-10-10-15-30-45th days of hospitalization. Normally, the content of SH-groups in whole blood in young people varied in the range of 16 -17 nmol / l, and in elderly and senile people - in the range of 10-11 nmol / l.

We investigated the relative and absolute content of T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood, the reaction of the blast-formation of lymphocytes with specific and nonspecific mitogens, their cytotoxic activity and inhibition of leukocyte migration in the presence of bone antigen in patients with pseudarthrosis.

Dislocation of the acromial end of the clavicle is a relatively common injury. According to our data, it accounts for 18% of all dislocations and occurs mainly in people of the most working age. We observed 294 patients, including 71 with subluxation, 173 with grade I dislocation, and 50 grade II dislocation. Long-term outcomes were studied in 257 people, of whom 122 received conservative treatment, 54 - hardware and 81 - surgical.

Sh., 53 years old, hospitalized on 4 / XI 1979 due to chest trauma. On the roentgenogram, a fracture of the VI-VII ribs on the left is determined. 6 / XI, cramping pains in the abdomen appeared. There was no vomiting, no nausea, gases left. The abdomen is not tense, in the right iliac region there is a skin scar after appendectomy, performed according to the patient, in 1951.

In recent years, the method of express endoprosthetics based on the use of fast-hardening polymers, such as EGMASS-12, fluoroplast-4, polyurethanes, and acrylates, has been successfully used to correct defects in the maxillofacial region. The overreaction of the tissues surrounding the prostheses can be easily relieved by local injection of corticosteroids. At the same time, burns of the surrounding tissues are observed due to the exothermic nature of the polymerization reaction.

According to the literature, in 40% of patients with ulcerative colitis on. As the disease progresses, "hyposplenism syndrome" is revealed, including granulocytosis, thrombocytosis, hemorrhages and thromboembolic complications. Its severity depends on the prevalence of ulcerative lesions, the activity of the pathological process. Here is our observation.

Under our supervision there were 24 children aged 2 to 13 years with diagnoses: chronic cholecystitis - in 17, chronic angiocholecystitis - in 3; chronic hepatocholecystitis - in 2, cholecystocholangitis - in 1, cholangitis - in 1. 14 children had concomitant diseases: 5 - biliary dyskinesia, 7 - giardiasis of the gallbladder and biliary tract, 1 - chronic gastritis and 1 - neurodermatitis .

Despite the relatively large number of works on intestinal ureteral plastics, the possibilities of further development of this operation are far from being exhausted. We have set ourselves the task of developing a method for plasty of the ureter with a demucosated segment of the small intestine. The experiments were carried out on 54 dogs. The abdominal cavity was opened under anesthesia by a pararectal incision. At a distance of 35–40 cm from the ileocecal angle, a section of the ileum with a length of 10 to 20 cm was selected and transected with preservation of the mesentery. The continuity of the small intestine was restored by an end-to-end anastomosis, then the window formed in the mesentery was sutured with single-row sutures after isolation of the small intestine segment. Demucosation of the switched off segment of the intestine was performed according to N.E.Savchenko and V.A.Mokhort1.

Frequent complications of glomectomy are headaches and a mild, less-like state for several days or weeks after surgery, and sometimes hemi- and monoparesis. The reasons for these complications have not yet been revealed. In search of their explanation, we decided to study the volumetric blood flow of the brain and the acid-base state (ACS). Volumetric blood flow was studied by rheoencephalography (REG) in 43 patients, and acid base balance - in 100 patients (age from 22 to 67 years). The course of bronchial asthma before the operation in the examined patients was moderate and severe.

The purpose of this study was to identify differential diagnostic criteria for hemodynamic disturbances in various forms of toxicosis in the second half of pregnancy.

Based on the generally accepted view that the trophoblast - chorion-placenta is formed from a fertilized egg, the presence of a Y chromosome in the nuclei of these structures from male fetuses was checked. The object of the study was materials from 25 embryos at 6-12 weeks of gestation, from 25 fetuses at 16-28 weeks of gestation and from 25 fetuses at 32-40 weeks of gestation. For research, pieces were taken from the umbilical cord, chorion and placenta. The histological preparations were subjected to fluorescence analysis of chromosomes according to the method of V.A. Benyush.

Free sale of vitamin preparations with high activity, insufficient scientific development of the consequences of excessive intake of vitamins, the spread of superficial knowledge about vitamins among the population have led to numerous facts of the adverse effect of certain vitamins on the human body. It turned out that unjustifiably long-term intake of large doses of one of the vitamins can cause a deficiency in the body of another vitamin, cause the development of hypovitaminosis. The complex interaction of vitamins in the human body is due to the presence, they have metabolic and functional connections.

Abstract. Three observation groups were identified among 270 students by questioning: patients with nicotinism, risk group and healthy. A comprehensive program of measures to combat smoking has been developed.

The currently used iodilators do not provide a stable position of the diluted tissues of the vestibule of the nose and require constant support by the doctor's hand during work. The position of the jaws of the retractor inevitably changes during manipulation and surgical interventions. Often during the operation, when the next surgical instrument is readied, which requires both hands, the doctor has to release the nasal dilator and remove it from the nose. At this time, control over the operating field is lost, the direction of the vestibule of the nose changes, which often affects the quality of the operation or manipulation.

An integral part of bronchoscopy, widely used in pulmonology, is the suction of the contents of the bronchi and the introduction of medicinal substances. The procedure is carried out in two stages: first, the contents of the bronchi are removed by suction of the bronchoscope into the aspiration pump, which is then disconnected, and then a solution of the medicinal substance is injected through the suction of the bronchoscope or a special tube. Subsequently, these operations are repeated. Such disconnected procedures make bronchial sanitation laborious and time-consuming, which leads to hypoxia and hypercapnia of the patient, the loss of a part of the medicinal substance.

A conventional surgical operating table is not suitable for ophthalmic operations using microsurgical techniques and an operating microscope. A table is needed that would provide the ability to operate in a comfortable sitting position with the surgeon's hands (forearm and hand) fixed. The operating table for ophthalmic surgery, designed by S. N. Fedorov and V. D. Zakharov (1972), satisfies these goals. However, such tables are not mass-produced.

Abstract. An apparatus of original design for pertubation and creation of pneumoperitoneum with oxygen and nitrous oxide has been proposed. If necessary, a pertubation curve can be recorded using the apparatus.

Abstract. A new device for a compression-distraction apparatus for extrafocal osteosynthesis is proposed. A method of its use in patients with fracture treatment is described.

We have proposed an angular plate-bolt for stable fixation of fragments in supracondylar and transcondylar fractures. Firmly fixing the fragments, it allows you to do without a plaster cast.

The publication is a translation of a Latin manuscript by N.L. Bidloo of 1710, the only copy of which is kept in the fundamental library of the Military Medical Academy. S. M. Kirov in Leningrad. The translation of the manuscript was done by Cand. philol. Sciences A. A. Sodomora and Dr. med. Sciences M.I.Dubovoy. The book is well illustrated. Images of surgical instruments belonging to Peter the Great were taken from the collection of the State Hermitage. Among the illustrations are stylized drawings of surgical operations, recreated on the basis of the text of the manuscript by Lviv artists - candidate med. Sciences AI Mendelai and associate professor GM Skubchenko. The book is superbly designed by the artist B.K.Krivitsky. In general, the publication is an example of the printing art.

The book by Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences V.V.Kanep and Associate Professor L.L. Lipovetskaya is of undoubted interest both for healthcare organizers and clinicians. The first chapter of the book is devoted to the theoretical and methodological issues of the scientific organization of labor, it formulates the goals and main tasks of NOT in health care, outlines the methods of studying the organization of labor. The second chapter describes the work of doctors and nurses in outpatient and inpatient medical institutions. The presented materials provide initial information for the development of recommendations for improving work processes in health care institutions of various profiles.

On May 12-15, 1981, the 2nd All-Union Congress of Specialists in Physiotherapy and Sports Medicine was held in Baku. The following main directions were considered at the congress: physiotherapy exercises as a means of rehabilitation of patients, medical support of athletes and issues of medical control in mass recreational work.

(28-31 / X 1981, Riga) The symposium was organized by the Scientific Council "Synthetic polymers for medical purposes" of the USSR State Committee for Science and Technology, the Scientific Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences on high-molecular compounds, the Scientific Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the problems of biomechanics. Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, the Ministry of Health of the Latvian SSR. The symposium was attended by more than 250 scientists, engineers, representatives of scientific research institutes, SEC, industrial enterprises from 26 cities of the Soviet Union.