On 11/7/1918, V. I. Lenin signed a decree establishing the People's Commissariat of Health and appointed his faithful companion, revolutionary and doctor Nikolai Aleksandrovich Semashko at the head of it.

It has now been established that a number of chemicals and radiation can cause cancer, that is, are carcinogenic. Since these agents cause various other tumors, they can be called blastomogenic.

The incidence of malignant tumors of the pharynx and oral cavity differs in different countries. So, in Norway, tumors of the pharynx and oral cavity in relation to all other localizations of malignant tumors account for 1%, in Denmark - 2%, in the USA - 4% (V. Shanta and S. Krishna Murthy, 1963). At the same time, in the southern countries of Asia, where, in addition to smoking, chewing of tobacco, betel nut, etc. is widespread, tumors of this localization are much more common. In India, cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx accounts for 39% of all reported cancers (D.S. Paimaster and P. Gangajerai, 1963).

According to Yu. M. Vasiliev, V. K. Kukhta, T. L. Tokhadze, K. S. Kosyakov, with the development of a malignant tumor in the blood serum, the concentration of mucopolysaccharides increases, and its intensity depends on the prevalence and malignancy of the tumor [2, 5 , ten]. Some authors associate this process with depolymerization and destruction of the basic substance of connective tissue [1, 8, 5], others - with proliferation of connective tissue [6], while others believe that the source of mucopolysaccharides is the tumor itself [2].

In our clinic from 1950 to May 1965, 111 patients with rectal cancer were treated (44 men, 72 women). There were 69 patients (61.6%) with advanced, inoperable forms of the disease.

It is well known that the results of treatment of stomach tumors depend primarily on their timely detection. X-ray examination, recognized as one of the available and objective methods for studying this organ, does not always provide a reliable diagnosis of early forms of cancer. This encourages us to continue looking for ways to improve it.

In recent years, contrary to the previously existing opinion, it has been established that lung cysts are not a rare disease. Clinicians and radiologists quite often have to meet with cavities in the lungs, accompanied by symptoms of chronic nonspecific inflammation.

There were 250 patients with cervical migraine under our supervision. Many of them had previously been unsuccessfully treated for "cerebral vasopathy", "occipital neuralgia", "traumatic encephalopathy", "diencephalitis", etc. However, the differential diagnosis of cervical migraine and the listed diseases at the current level of knowledge does not present great difficulties; Differentiation of cervical migraine from tumors of the posterior cranial fossa is much more complicated and responsible.

Dehydrating therapy occupies a prominent place among the methods of symptomatic treatment of brain diseases occurring with hypertensive syndrome (tumors, trauma, etc.).

A feature of brain abscesses in recent years is an increase in the number of atypical forms. The widespread use of antibiotics and sulfonamides often obscures the clinical picture of the disease, causes remission due to a decrease in perifocal inflammatory phenomena, which makes diagnosis very difficult [3, 4, 6, etc.]. Thus, according to the observations of Ts. E. Clarinet, 50% of patients with traumatic brain abscesses had a remitting course of the disease.

In recent years, more and more attention has begun to attract long-term results after gastric resection using the Billroth II method. Their study showed that in a number of patients a completely new state arose, characteristic only for persons who underwent the removal of part or all of the stomach with the exclusion of the duodenum from the act of digestion. This kind of post-gastro-resection syndrome is not associated with the recurrence of peptic ulcer disease and the technique of surgical intervention.

With the creation of an electrogastrograph (M.A.Sobakin, M.A.Gurevich, F.M. Yakovlev, and L.N.Mishin), it became possible to objectively, continuously, continuously and continuously record the motor function when removing potentials from the body surface. activity of the stomach, taking into account the rhythm, frequency and amplitude of oscillations of peristaltic waves.

We studied the features of the course of cholecystitis in elderly and senile people.

In recent years, domestic researchers have noted a significant increase in the incidence of acute cholecystitis, which can be explained by an increase in the life expectancy of the population, as well as a change in the regime and type of diet. So, according to our data, until 1960, patients with acute cholecystitis accounted for 2-2.5% of the total number of admitted to the emergency department, and in 1963-1965. this percentage increased to 9.53.

In recent years, a significant number of reports on the surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis in elderly and old people have appeared [3-5, 10, 12]. Comprehensively highlighting the features of the clinic and pointing out the high postoperative mortality in this category of patients, the authors do not touch on information about the long-term results of operations.

In this work, an attempt is made to compare the nature of movement disorders in diseases of the gallbladder (acute and chronic bacterial cholecystitis, gallstone disease) with the content of acetylcholine-like substances in the acute period of the disease and in the period of relative remission after complex treatment.

In the occurrence of the inflammatory process in the gallbladder, stagnation of bile due to dyskinetic disorders of the biliary tract is of great importance. In the further development of the disease, the main role belongs to the microbial factor.

In an X-ray examination of the motor function of the gallbladder and analyzes of the duodenal contents, egg yolks, magnesium sulfate, and olive oil are mainly used to obtain a reflex.

Objective information about the state of the concentration function of the gallbladder, its motor ability, about the violation of the biliary function of the liver, about the state of the end apparatus of the bile ducts is given by cholegraphy. This method is of particular importance in connection with the possibility of dynamic observation (before and after complex therapy).

During the course of the disease with epidemic hepatitis, irritation of the parasympathetic nervous system is noted. So, many authors observed hypotension, bradycardia, excessive sweating and a number of other signs characteristic of vagotonia.

Despite the large number of works devoted to the study of the functional state of the liver in patients with peptic ulcer disease, this problem is still very urgent. In recent years, the attention of clinicians has been attracted by the absorption-excretory function of the liver, which reflects, according to a number of authors, early, subclinical changes that have not yet been detected by other functional tests.

For more than 10 years, for the purpose of differential diagnosis of liver and spleen diseases, we used a complex clinical and X-ray study, including an overview X-ray of the abdominal cavity, esophagus and gastrointestinal tract, and when pneumoperitoneum was applied, according to indications, splenoportography. To clarify the diagnostic value of various X-ray methods, we analyzed the results of examination of 112 patients aged 16 to 67 years.

Lack of function of the anal sphincter, manifested by incontinence of feces and gases - one of the painful diseases.

The existing classifications can be divided into three groups. Some of them mainly take into account the features of the mechanism of damage [6, 13], others - the clinical features of fractures [7, 12, 14], and the third - topographic features [15].

According to medical institutions in Omsk, about 15% of children affected by burns require surgical treatment.

In many forms of hemorrhagic diathesis, immunoallergic reactions play a significant role. Firstly, they can be the main and leading link in the pathogenesis of diseases such as hemorrhagic vasculitis and some forms of thrombocytopenic purpura; secondly, immunoallergic processes can complicate hemorrhagic diseases due to long-term monotonous drug therapy or long-term treatment of the patient with blood transfusions; and, thirdly, hemorrhagic conditions can occur in newborns on the basis of isoimmunization, when antibodies from a sick mother pass to the fetus through the placental barrier.

The state of the vestibular function in patients with otosclerosis has not been adequately studied, since attention has begun to be paid to this issue only in recent years [2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9]. Meanwhile, in most cases, with otosclerosis, not only the middle, but also the inner ear is affected. Therefore, without studying the state of the vestibular function, the clinical picture of the disease will be incomplete.

We examined 566 women, 60 of them were healthy, 151 with acute inflammation of the uterus and appendages, 15 with parametritis, 14 with an abscess of the posterior Douglas pocket, 10 with sepsis, 11 with thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities, 26 with ovarian retention cysts, 37 with papillary and pseudomucinous ovarian cystomas without malignancy, 60 with uterine fibroids and 182 with malignant neoplasms (49 had grade 1 cervical cancer, 36 grade II cervical cancer, 26 grade III-IV cervical cancer, 15 - cancer of the body of the uterus grade I, 35 - ovarian cancer grade 1, 21 - ovarian cancer grade III — IV).

In the literature there are a number of reports on changes in the level of free amino acids in the blood during the physiological course of pregnancy and late toxicosis [I-7]. However, the results of these works are largely contradictory.

A decrease in the level of complement in the processes associated with sensitization of the body has been observed experimentally and clinically [2, 11]. A decrease in the complementary activity of blood serum, as a rule, accompanies many diseases with an allergic genesis: serum sickness, "spring conjunctivitis", bronchial asthma, diffuse kidney disease, etc.

We studied the state of the sympathetic-adrenal system of women in the postpartum period according to the content of catecholamines in the urine, depending on the amount of blood loss in the past childbirth and the number of births, since the excretion of catecholamines can be used to judge the compensatory capabilities of the organism of puerperas.

In the world literature, very little attention is paid to the analysis of the use of obstetric forceps in provincial hospitals, most of the work refers to the data of large city hospitals and clinics.

According to the modern classification, prediabetes is called the initial, unrecognizable, "hypothetical" stage of diabetes, therefore, the clinic of prediabetes in pregnant women was described mainly retrospectively [1, 2].

In recent decades, an increase in the incidence of leukemia has been noted throughout the world. By 1960, the mortality rate in different countries ranged from 0.7 to 8.4 per 100 thousand population. In the northern regions, leukemia occurs somewhat more often than in the southern. In the 1930s, according to the Moscow prosecutors' data, leukemic processes were detected in 0.25% of the total number of autopsies, in 1960 they reached 3.16% [2]. By the same period, the number of patients with leukemia in therapeutic hospitals was 2.2%.

Chronic nonspecific Riedel thyroiditis is a rare disease that is little known to a wide medical community. For the first time he was reported by the Swiss surgeon Riedel at the XV Congress of German Surgeons in 1896. Riedel observed 3 patients and drew attention to the extraordinary density of the thyroid tissue. This prompted to call the disease "hard-glandular" struma.

This work is based on clinical observation of 580 patients with gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.

Since 1961, we have observed 15 patients (9 women and 6 men aged 14 to 73 years) who underwent various surgical interventions on the abdominal organs, who developed acute pancreatitis in the postoperative period. He underwent the following operations: gastric resection (11), cholecystectomy (2), splenectomy (1) and pancreatoduodenal resection (1). These patients accounted for 1.8% of the total number of those who underwent such operations (844). Of 15 patients with postoperative pancreatitis, 11 were fatal.

Literary data on the relationship between the secretory and acid-forming functions of the stomach and the exocrine function of the pancreas are contradictory, which prompted us to conduct appropriate studies.

F „37 years old, abuses alcohol for a long time, two months before hospitalization he drank heavily. At the end of this period, I felt general weakness, decreased appetite, pain in the right side of the abdomen; nausea and vomiting periodically appeared. From 21 / XI pain in the right side of the abdomen increased.

The use of blood obtained during therapeutic bloodletting in patients with erythremia is of interest due to the fact that such blood is very rich in corpuscular elements. The question of the possibility of such blood transfusions has been discussed in the literature since 1934, but so far it has not yet been finally resolved. Interest in such blood transfusions has resumed in recent years due to the fact that in patients with erythremia, an increase in thrombocytopoietic and erythropoietic plasma activity was revealed.

Ectopic heart is one of the rarest malformations. World literature has 145 observations of this congenital anomaly, of which 8 are described by domestic authors. Surgical treatment was performed in 7 patients, all operations were fatal. In the Soviet Union, the first attempt to operatively reposition an ectopic heart was carried out by A. G. Karavanov in 1957. Here is our observation.

Gargoilism (synonyms: Pfoundler-Hurler's disease, Hurler's disease, multiple dysostosis, chondroosteodystrophy, lipochondrodystrophy, Hurler-Ellis polydystrophy, dysostotic idiopathy) is a congenital systemic disease. Sufferers have short stature, disproportionately large head, coarse facial features, bulging abdomen, hepatosplenomegaly, umbilical hernia, corneal opacity, reduced intelligence. A similar disease was known back in 1900. It was described for the first time by Hunter (Canada) in 1917.

A. at the age of 25 days was admitted on 18 / ІІІ 1965. The child has vomiting, pustular rash on the skin, weight loss. Ill since his birthday. Was born from the third pregnancy in blue asphyxia, weighing 3400.0. Revived by the Legenchenko method. Applied to the chest in a day. After the first feeding, vomiting occurred. On the 2nd day, a pustular rash appeared on the skin. Discharged from the maternity hospital on the 11th day with a weight of 3170.0.

The baby was male, weight 2300.0, body length 44 cm. Childbirth proceeded normally. The woman in labor is 25 years old, works as a plasterer. She had her first birth in 1960, the baby is healthy. In subsequent years, there were several spontaneous miscarriages, the cause of which could not be established. During this pregnancy, the woman twice lay in the maternity ward because of the threat of miscarriage.

In view of the exceptional rarity of a heart mix, we present two of our observations.

I., 20 years old, was admitted on 26 / ѴII 1967, with symptoms of acute appendicitis. In December 1966, the patient had short-term (several hours) severe abdominal pain, but then he did not seek medical help. On 24 / 7th 1967, after lunch, pains appeared in the lower abdomen.

Diagnosis of acute appendicitis in elderly and senile people is still not entirely perfect.

According to recent reports, gastrointestinal bleeding is a frequent complication of steroid therapy, especially when using prednisolone (D. Glin).

One of the reasons for the development of hydronephrosis is the accessory vessel, which intersects with the ureter at the exit of the latter from the pelvis.

Ch., 26 years old, was admitted on 25 / X 1966 with complaints of pain in the right hypochondrium, vomiting at the height of the pain attack. She fell ill at the age of five. Such attacks of pain occurred 3-5 times a year, she did not consult a doctor. At the age of 16, jaundice appeared for the first time after an attack, and during examination, giardiasis cholecystitis was diagnosed. Later, the attacks were also accompanied by jaundice, discoloration of feces and darkening of urine. During duodenal intubation in 1961, "sand" was found in bile.