Among the problems of practical oncology, the treatment of gastric cancer occupies an important place, since this localization of cancer accounts for 20-30% of the total number of patients with newly diagnosed cancer, and among those dying from malignant tumors, up to 40%. For Kazan, these indicators are presented in the following table.

Early recognition of stomach cancer is one of the pressing problems of oncology. Despite the success of diagnostics, patients still enter the operation mainly in III and IV stages. tumor development.

In case of stomach cancer, the plan of the operation, in particular the level of resection, is based on taking into account the pathological changes in the organ wall.

A number of experimental and clinical works have been devoted to the study of the limits of permissible devascularization of the stomach, the results of which have often turned out to be contradictory. So, even Brown (1908) believed that devascularization of the stomach over 4/5 of its length along the greater and lesser curvature does not cause malnutrition of the organ. According to the data of T.A. Malyugina (1945), ligation of even three of the five main arteries of the stomach (without skeletonization) in most cases causes gross disturbances in the blood supply to its walls.

X-ray diagnostics of organic and functional diseases of the duodenum has been developed by many researchers.

Cancer of the upper jaw develops mainly in the elderly, sarcoma in young people. However, S. A. Kalish described cancer of the upper jaw in a 13-year-old girl, and M. M. Velikanov - in a 17-year-old.

The success of the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the larynx depends both on early diagnosis and on the choice of the most effective and at the same time the least traumatic surgical methods of treatment in each case.

Although the direct transmission of malignant neoplasms by inheritance is denied, however, the possibility of inheriting a number of body characteristics that contribute to the emergence of malignant tumors is generally recognized (L. M. Shabad, V. P. Efroimson, E. Kaudry).

Although in recent years, some authors have indicated a decrease in postoperative mortality [V. I. Struchkov and A. V. Grigoryan - 4.5% (1962)], however, the average total postoperative mortality on a large statistical material (10 287 resections for cancer), given by A. N. Novikov and V. V. Rodionov ( 1962) is equal to 16.8%.

Our first report on the recognition of pleural mesothelioma (1958) is based on the analysis of 5 reliable observations. We now have 10 more observations.

Mesotheliomas more often come from the pleura, less often from the pericardium and peritoneum. The clinic has few diagnostic criteria. The main variant of the clinical course of peritoneal mesothelioma is persistently accumulating ascites, then "abdominal discomfort", stool disturbance, and emaciation join.

The clinic of hormonally active tumors of the adrenal cortex, as well as the nature of their metastasis in the literature, are devoted to a few publications in which isolated cases of metastases of malignant tumors of the adrenal cortex to the lungs are given.

Lymphogranulomatosis is known to be characterized by systemic damage to the lymph nodes. However, there are also isolated (atypical) forms of lymphogranulomatosis, to which I. D. Davydovsky refers to all cases of defeat of individual lymph nodes or lymph nodes of individual organs and regions.

Immediate and long-term results of rectal cancer treatment depend on timely diagnosis. Of the 236 patients who have applied to the oncological dispensary over the past 15 years, rectal cancer in an advanced stage was detected already during the initial examination in 27.9%. (According to H. J. Bassei and B. S. Morison, rectal cancer was recognized as inoperable in 27.5%.)

We observed 46 patients with tumors of the posterior cranial fossa, of which 10 had cerebellar tumors, 4 had tumors of the IV ventricle, 10 had a brain stem, 15 had a cerebellopontine angle, and 7 had tumors of unspecified localization.

The diagnosis of malignant soft tissue tumors is often associated with significant difficulties. Long-term results of treatment of patients with these neoplasms leave much to be desired. According to the materials of the Institute of Oncology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, the number of patients with malignant tumors of soft tissues with a five-year life expectancy was only 40.2% (EA Chekharina, 1962).

There are two opposite opinions regarding the value of the cytological method. Some researchers give it a high assessment and do not note any complications as a result of its use (M. G. Abramov, M. Z. Sigal, N. N. Shiller-Volkova and K. A. Agamova, Fibelkorn, Papanikolau).

As you know, the main requirement for anticancer drugs is the inhibition of the multiplication of malignant cells with minimal effect on normal cells of the body.

Increasing the body's resistance to radiation exposure is of great importance. Many various chemical compounds have been studied, with the help of which it is possible to weaken radiation radiation (cystine, cysteine, barbiturates, etc.), but these drugs are not effective enough.

Surgical intervention for hernias with significant defects in the anterior ruffled wall is a complex surgical technique that has recently become somewhat simpler due to the use of new alloplastic materials in surgery, which allows a wide range of surgeons to successfully perform operations for any size of hernias.

According to the literature, about 50% of middle-aged people suffer from periodontal disease. We examined 602 inpatients and 398 apparently healthy individuals. Among patients, periodontal disease was found in 395 (65.6%), among practically healthy ones - in 108 (27.1%).

As a result of the interaction of the antigen - antibody reaction, which is the basis of allergic manifestations, profound changes occur in the body, depending, in turn, on the age characteristics of a person, the function of the central neuroregulatory and endocrine mechanisms. Therefore, at present, great importance is attached to the study of the role of the nervous and subordinate endocrine system in the development of allergic and infectious-allergic processes (G. N. Speransky, M. S. Sokolova, Yu. F. Dombrovskaya).

In gynecological patients, chronic cervicitis of "unknown etiology" is relatively often observed.

We have compared clinical and histological diagnoses for 1959-1964. A total of 11,145 endometrial scrapings and cervical tissue excisions were studied.

The preparations used by us belong to the group of synthetic alkylating medicinal compounds. They are capable of reacting with phosphate groups of high-polymer deoxyribonucleic acid, causing disruption of the structure of deoxyribonucleoproteins, and thus render cells unviable.

With hysterosalpingography, the diagnosis of an ovarian tumor is usually made on the basis of indirect signs: displacement of the uterus to the side opposite to the localization of the tumor, arcuate pulling of the tube upwards in case of large ovarian tumors while maintaining its patency (with inflammation of the uterine appendages, the tubes are impassable).

In recent years, the fibrinolytic blood system has attracted the attention of not only physiologists and biochemists, but also a wide range of practitioners of all specialties.

We studied the changes in blood serum lipoproteins in acute inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs and the possibility of using the determination of the level of cholesterol and lipoproteins in the blood in combination with other methods for diagnostics and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.

T.S. Pisarevskaya (1960), Balo et al. (1960), G.V. Fevraleva (1962), A.M. Shevchenko and K.A. Sogrina (1963) came to the conclusion that changes in the protein spectrum of blood serum in late toxicosis of pregnancy, detected by electrophoresis, make it possible to judge the effectiveness of the therapy.

T.S. Pisarevskaya (1960), Balo et al. (1960), G.V. Fevraleva (1962), A.M. Shevchenko and K.A. Sogrina (1963) came to the conclusion that changes in the protein spectrum of blood serum in late toxicosis of pregnancy, detected by electrophoresis, make it possible to judge the effectiveness of the therapy.

In previous reports, we have shown what effect a woman's height has on the incidence of primary weakness of labor in labor and the use of caesarean section.

Multiple primary cancers have long attracted the attention of oncologists in terms of etiology and pathogenesis. Multiple primary tumors are defined as the simultaneous or simultaneous occurrence in the same or in different organs of two or more reliably primary tumors.

According to IV Davydovsky, due to the complexity of the clinical picture, the lifetime diagnosis of lung cancer in almost 13-20% is detected only on the sectional table. According to the polymorphism of the initial signs and complaints of the patient, E.M. Tareev places bronchogenic cancer next to nodular periarteritis.

In 1922, Stevens and Johnson described for the first time 2 cases of a serious illness proceeding in the form of an acute infectious process with severe general disorders (high fever, chills, headache, etc.), lesions of the skin and mucous membranes of the oral cavity, eyes, nasopharynx and genitals. Subsequently, this disease was called Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

The disease was first described by American pediatricians Stevens and Johnson in 1922. In the domestic literature known to us, this syndrome is described only by individual authors (A.A. Kalamkaryan, 1959; V.E.Suvorov, 1960; G.V. Khorava and H.M. Kurmazaya, 1963).

On September 26, 1966, at the 43rd year of life, the second professor of the Department of Histology of the Kazan Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the Medical Institute named after V.I. S. V. Kurashova Arkady Pavlovich Maslov.