Diseases of the abdominal organs occupy a significant place in the overall morbidity, especially in outpatient practice. When recognizing pathological processes of the abdominal organs, the doctor sometimes encounters incomparably greater difficulties than when recognizing diseases of the cardiovascular system or the external respiratory system.

The relationship between diseases of the pancreas and the biliary system of the liver is noted by a number of authors. According to Klebs (1875), Mayo (1907), I.P. Rufanov (1925), M.M. Gubergrits (1934), N.I. Leporsky (1951) and others, chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis are complicated by pancreatitis in 60 -80%. Functional disorders of the pancreas in diseases of the liver and biliary tract are described by M. S. Rozhkova (1937), M. I. Krasutskaya (1953), Ya. S. Zimmerman (1956), A. Ya. Gubergritz (I960) and others.

The defeat of the pancreas is a frequent companion of chronic diseases of the digestive system. However, its role in the origin of protein shifts in these patients is insufficiently elucidated. Meanwhile, the cited literature data, both experimental and clinical, indicate the participation of the pancreas in the regulation of not only carbohydrate and fat metabolism, but also protein metabolism.

Recently, there have been indications in the literature regarding the advisability of testosterone propionate treatment of liver cirrhosis and severe forms of chronic hepatitis (Mario, Girolami, 1958). In works devoted to the study of the mechanism of action of sex hormones, their ability to positively influence the cardiovascular system was established (Müller, Rachov, etc.). Schumann, using sex hormones for angina pectoris, found that they affect not only the coronary circulation, but also the metabolism in the myocardium, increasing the content of glycogen and phosphogen in the heart muscle. According to this author, the sex hormone exerts a central regulatory influence through the pituitary gland - the diencephalon.

We observed 161 patients (men - 20, women - 141) with relapse after cholecystectomy, 130 of them were examined in the clinic and 31 on an outpatient basis. 70 people were traced from the moment of surgery from 1 year to 5 years, they took into account all the data, including the pathological examination of the removed gallbladder. By the time of the operation, the patients were 17 to 75 years old, the majority were 41-50 years old.

In light of the study of the etiology of acute cholecystitis, studies to clarify the role of certain chemical factors, along with infection, can cause inflammatory changes in the gallbladder, are of great interest. Among the chemical agents that influence the development of acute cholecystitis, special attention has recently been paid to activated pancreatic enzymes (Gense, 1960; Mester, 1960; P.V. Kravchenko and V.E. Volkov, 1962; Glenn, 1963).

Currently, the attention of doctors began to attract erosion and ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, acutely occurring in patients with myocardial infarction. At the same time, gastric bleeding can significantly worsen the patient's condition. Abrupt gagging when it is necessary to maintain complete rest is in itself dangerous. Anemization with significant blood loss enhances myocardial and central nervous system hypoxia. Finally, profuse gastric bleeding in myocardial infarction can be an immediate cause of death.

All surgeons recognize gastric resection as the best way to treat chronic gastric and duodenal ulcers. According to a number of authors (E. L. Berezov, B. A. Petrov, A. T. Lidsky, S. S. Yudin and others), after gastric resection in 90-95%, good and satisfactory results were noted. Outcomes after gastric resection with perforated gastro-duodenal ulcers are no less favorable (S. S. Yudin, B. A. Petrov, A. T. Lidsky, N. I. Kozintsev, V. P. Voznesensky, etc.). According to L.V. Poluektov, good and satisfactory results after primary gastric resection were noted in 97.1%. In 30%, repeated surgical interventions on the stomach are performed after suturing of perforated ulcers with 16.6% of poor results and the number of postoperative complications is 2 times more than after primary resections. However, primary gastric resection is not recognized by all surgeons as the method of choice. It is limited to a number of conditional and sometimes contradictory contraindications. For example, V.I. Struchkov believes that perforated gastro-duodenal ulcers at a young age are not subject to resection. Simple suturing, according to his data, in 70%, and suturing of "silent" ulcers - in 85% leads to recovery. A. N. Bakulev and B. A. Petrov adhere to the same point of view. S. S. Yudin, on the basis of studying a large number of immediate and long-term results, came to the conclusion that primary resections are advisable at a young age, since simple suturing does not guarantee either relapses or complications. According to D. V. Usov, for 245 sutured perforated ulcers in young people, good long-term results were obtained in 18.9%, satisfactory - in 34.9%, and poor - in 46.2%.

Recently, the determination of intestinal enzymes - enterokinase and phosphatase - has been given great importance. Determination of the content of these enzymes in feces helps in the differential diagnosis of diseases such as sprue, dysentery, food toxicoinfection (S. Ya.Mikhlin, 1957; and others), in assessing the severity of the process in chronic colitis and enterocolitis (K. B. Bakhadyrov, 1962).

Changes in the motor function of the intestine are one of the important links in the chain of compensatory shifts in the body after gastrectomy. X-ray examination of these changes is interesting from several points of view. First, the nature of intestinal motility determines the degree of food processing, the completeness of mixing it with digestive juices, the degree of fermentation of the food mass and, consequently, the degree of absorption. Therefore, by the nature of the motor function of the intestines of the kosvetso, one can judge the absorption of nutrients. Secondly, when studying the motor function of the small intestine at different times after gastrectomy, it is possible to follow the stages of its compensatory restructuring. Third, when comparing X-ray data with clinical data, one can judge which type of intestinal motility corresponds to the best compensation for digestion. We set these tasks for ourselves in our work.

We studied the absorption capacity of the upper small intestine using the following tests:
1. Potassium iodine test. 20 ml of a 2% solution of potassium iodide is injected intraduodenally and every minute its presence in saliva is determined using the iodine-starch reaction.
2. Samples with radioactive iodine. 2 μ curie Nal ¹³¹ is injected into the duodenum and the absorption of radioiodine by the thyroid gland is recorded within 15 minutes.
3. Ether test. The moment of feeling the smell of ether from the respiratory tract after the intraduodenal administration of 1.5 ml of ether in saline is noted (N. Benda test, 1954).

One. of the main issues in the rationality and safety of surgical interventions on the gastrointestinal tract is the choice of the most perfect and reliable in terms of strength method of stitching tissues and organs, creating the best conditions for regeneration in the area of superimposed anastomoses.

Acute intestinal obstruction has been the focus of doctors' attention for centuries. But even now, timely diagnosis of acute intestinal obstruction presents difficulties. This basically explains the high mortality rate in this serious disease.

The main or interstitial substance of the connective tissue contains many high-polymer mucopolysaccharides. According to Jackson (1954), the main moment in its formation is the secretory activity of fibroblasts.

Due to the successful development of thoracic surgery, the issue of functional diagnostics of esophageal diverticula is of great practical importance.

As you know, cancer cells do not have specific morphological signs, therefore, the basis for the cytological diagnosis of malignant tumors should be based on not one “specific sign”, but a cytological symptom complex reflecting the restructuring characteristic of a given tumor.

According to various authors, mortality in acute appendicitis averages 0.12-0.2% (SG Rukosuev, GP Zaitsev, AN Shabanov). If with a timely operation this figure decreases to 0.04%, then with a belated operation it rises to 0.5% (A.I. Mironov, G. Ya. Iosset). Some authors cite even higher mortality rates. According to Ross, Zarem and Morgan, mortality in acute appendicitis is 0.89%, and among people over 50 years old - 5.6%. Similar data are cited by Gabel, Barton, Solomon and others. According to Palumbo, the mortality rate reaches 0.2%.

The task of anesthesiology is to artificially create such a functional state of the body, in which the usefulness and safety of anesthesia is to the greatest extent ensured with the least response to surgical trauma. It is especially necessary to create such conditions for surgical interventions in children.

Studies concerning the state of the protein-forming function of the liver in thyrotoxic goiter are few, and their data are contradictory. I. K. Akhunbaev and Yu.A. Volokh (1961), S. I. Rakhimov (1961), and others indicate that the amount of total serum protein in patients with thyrotoxic goiter is within the normal range. P. E. Ogiy (1955), P. G. Podorozhny (1956), A. A. Alekseeva (1959), D. A. Makar (1960), and D. Ya. Polyakov (1960) found hypoproteinemia in a number of these patients. I. A. Drzhevetskaya (1957) found an increase in the u-globulin fraction, T. I. Dobrovolskaya (I960)- increase of a1-globulin, S. I. Rakhimov (1961) - increase of a2 and u-globulins, N. Khamidov (1961)- increase in a-fractions, D. A. Makar (1960) - decrease in albumins and increase in all globulin fractions of blood serum.

There are few works devoted to the question of the surgical treatment of goiter and thyrotoxicosis in acromegaly. At the same time, it is known that enlargement of the thyroid gland in acromegaly occurs quite often.

In diseases of the thyroid gland, accompanied by its hyperfunction, as a rule, violations of various types of metabolism are noted. Little is known about how the physiological, chemical and physical structure of connective tissue changes.

Disease of the stellate ganglion is a long-term suffering, often recurrent. The causes of this disease are: infections, especially viral (B. N. Mogilnitsky, I. I. Rusetsky, N. S. Chetverikov, N. I. Strelkova, A. D. Dinaburg), pneumonia and pleura, especially apical processes ( G. I. Markelov, A. M. Grinshtein, L. G. Erokhina and I. D. Polykovskaya), injuries and injuries of the node itself and tissues close to it (A. M. Grinshtein, F. M. Lisitsa, X I. Erusalimchik, E. M. Wizen, E. I. Eselevich), discosis of the lower cervical and upper thoracic spine (A. D. Dinaburg and A. E. Rubasheva, Ya. Yu. Popelyansky).

Recently, there has been a noticeable revival of interest in the study of diseases of the peripheral autonomic nervous system (N. S. Chetverikov, N. I. Strelkova, V. M. Karpenko, A. M. Veyn, etc.). In the clinic of sympathetic ganglionitis, truncitis, cardiovascular and innervation disorders often occur (I. I. Rusetsky, N. I. Strelkova). These disorders are especially pronounced when the process is localized in the left cervical and thoracic nodes of the borderline sympathetic trunk. In these cases, pain in the heart area can simulate coronary insufficiency (angina, myocardial infarction), which is often the cause of diagnostic errors. At the same time, N. I. Speransky and E. I. Sorokina, D. D. Pletnev, and Lerish consider it possible to distinguish the ganglionic form of angina pectoris. With primary damage to the coronary vessels (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction), secondary reflex autonomic disorders may occur.

In order to clarify some aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of lumboischialgic syndrome, we analyzed the case history of 440 patients in whom this syndrome was considered the main (primary) manifestation of the disease. Almost all patients were admitted with a diagnosis of lumbosacral sciatica.

Human growth is one of the most important indicators of his physical development. In the generic process, the physical development of a woman in labor, including her growth, has a certain value. However, we did not find in the literature available to us, both domestic and foreign, indications of the role of growth in obstetric pathology. Therefore, we began to study this issue based on the materials of our institute.

Observations of recent years have shown the important role of the blood coagulation system in the pathogenesis of some forms of obstetric bleeding and thrombotic complications. Therefore, the issues of coagulology in obstetrics began to pay great attention.

Recently, the problem of immunological conflict during pregnancy (Rhesus, ABO) has attracted more and more attention, and the views on the tactics of pregnancy and childbirth in this pathology are very different.

We carried out labor pain relief with chlorpromazine in 101 primiparous and 19 multiparous. 29 women have a history of abortions and complicated labor. From the total mass of women in labor entering the hospital, we took the most restless for pain relief. Out of 120 women in labor, 89 did not undergo psychoprophylactic training, 35 had extreme types of higher nervous activity. Many women in labor were afraid of childbirth, some suffered mental trauma. Most women in labor have a low threshold for skin sensitivity to pain stimuli (Rosenthal paste). 66 women had pathological childbirth (nephropathy of pregnant women, narrow pelvis, untimely discharge of water, etc.).

The study of the oxygen content in the blood of pregnant women, women in labor and parturient women who suffered from late toxicosis of pregnancy, as well as in their newborns, is of great practical importance.

The dynamics of changes in blood serum proteins during the treatment of toxicosis has not been sufficiently reflected in the literature. The available works (L. G. Sotnikova. 1957; M. I. Volokh-Isaeva, 1962; Brever, 1962; and others) are based on a small number of observations. This prompted us to conduct a study of blood serum proteins in pregnant women during treatment, depending on the method of treatment and the outcome of the disease.

In inflammatory processes of different localization, as a result of the cleavage of the protein-carbon complex, an increase in sialic acids occurs.

In recent years, the issues of the clinic, treatment and complications of thyrotoxic goiter have begun to be covered much more widely in the press.

Erosive gastritis resulting from a burn ultimately leads to persistent cicatricial deformities and stenosis of the stomach. Until 1948, surgeons with these lesions were mainly limited to the imposition of gastroenteroanastomosis, but later the overwhelming majority of surgeons began to perform a radical operation - gastric resection, which gives the best and most stable results.

Primary gallbladder cancer is rare.

As you know, the fight against the threatening termination of pregnancy is still one of the urgent problems of obstetrics.

Chorionepithelioma usually occurs after pregnancy. The interval between the previous pregnancy and the development of chlioepithelioma ranges from several weeks to many years (over 20). Most often, the primary focus of chorionic epithelioma occurs in the uterus, less often in the vagina, tubes, ovaries.

Accurate diagnosis of these rare diseases is difficult, and preoperative recognition of carcinoids, according to some authors (A.K. Gorchakov and G.F. Novitskaya), is even impossible due to the absence of characteristic clinical signs.

The absence of clinical specific signs of dystopia makes it impossible to make a diagnosis before surgery. The correct diagnosis is possible only after histological examination of the removed specimen.

We studied the effectiveness of ASD in the complex treatment of patients with true eczema (83), diffuse exfoliative streptoderma (microbial eczema) (26), neurodermatitis (7), seborrheic eczema (3), pruritus (1). There were 64 men and 56 women. Under the age of 15 there were 15, from 16 to 40 years old - 47, from 41 to 60 years old - 35, from 61 to 70 years and older - 23 patients.

B., born in 1929, was admitted on 23 / X 1963 with a diagnosis of "Duodenal ulcer, nodular goiter II degree, severe autonomic neurosis."

I. I., 48 years old, was admitted to the sanatorium "Tarlovka" 1 / XII 1962 with a diagnosis of "Chronic disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis in the phase of partial compaction."

G., 22 years old, a nurse, was admitted to the clinic on 6 / IV 1959 with complaints of shortness of breath, cough with phlegm, chills, sweats, fever up to 39.5 °.

The first report on isolated thyroid tuberculosis was made by Alters in 1847. To date, we have found a description of 132 more observations in the Russian and foreign literature. Out of 167 patients operated on by us on the thyroid gland, one was diagnosed with isolated tuberculosis, accompanied by hyperthyroidism.

115 patients with acute sciatica on an outpatient basis were treated with intravenous injections of a 0.5% solution of novocaine, the solution was injected slowly over 2-3 minutes in an amount of 5-7-10 ml every other day or daily.

The next release of the collection of works of a large team of psychiatrists and neuropathologists in Kazan is a notable event in the Soviet neuropsychiatric press. In terms of psychiatry, this is all the more significant since the date of publication of the works coincides with the 100th anniversary of the opening in Kazan (one of the first in Russia) of the Department of Psychiatry, which played a very significant role in the development of domestic psychiatric science, the education of numerous cadres of psychiatrists, the creation of the Soviet progressive system of psychiatric help.

The brochure under review is a collection of articles by workers at the Moscow ambulance station. It is very valuable that it sets out in an extremely rich form the richest experience in the provision of specialized ambulance services. It describes the principles of organization and tactics of care for patients with traumatic shock, myocardial infarction, acute cerebrovascular accident, acute poisoning.

The session began with a report by the director of the institute, G. D. Shushkov, who pointed to a significant increase in patients with acute cholecystitis over the past 10 years. During this time, 2219 patients with this disease were treated at the institute. Often the clinical symptoms in acute cholecystitis do not correspond to the pathological and anatomical changes in the gallbladder. In view of the fact that the early use of antibiotics for cholecystitis smoothes the clinical picture of the disease, the Institute does not recommend the use of antibiotics before surgery.

A. A. Shelagurov (Moscow) dwelled on the causal dependence of pancreatitis on diseases of the biliary tract, as well as on the importance of neurovascular and allergic factors in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases of the pancreas.

In the article by R. Yu. Mukhametov "On the epidemiology of diphyllobothriasis in the TASSR" (Kazan honey. 1964, 3), in our opinion, there are serious discrepancies with the actual state of affairs, confirmed by statistical data obtained by teams of practical medical institutions. That is why this article misleads a wide circle of readers with regard to the state of affairs in the fight against helminthiases in the Tatar ASSR.

Pointing in the article that until 1963 a mass survey of the TASSR population for infection with a broad tapeworm was not carried out, I meant a survey of the population covering all age groups and professions, which would allow for a fairly complete analysis of the incidence. Although the SES laboratories and other medical institutions in the TASSR conduct hundreds of thousands of helminthological studies annually, this applies mainly to limited contingents (workers in food and trade facilities, organized children's groups, etc.). Therefore, the results of these studies do not give a complete picture of the incidence and allow us to think about greater well-being than it really is.