The author describes a case where a girl of 18, who drank about 150 cc, Lysol for the purpose of suicide, was over 1/2 hour without any sign of life, despite agitation and artificial respiration according to Silvester and Laborde.

Victor Leonidovich Bogolyubov was born in Kazan on March 25, 1874, in the family of a modest official. As a 9-year-old boy he entered the First Kazan Gymnasium, which he graduated with a gold medal in 1892, and continued his education at the Law Faculty of Kazan University. However, the law did not captivate him and he was transferred to the Medical Faculty the following year. In 1898 he finished his course with the rank of "doctor with excellent marks" (medicus cum eximia laude) and was admitted to the faculty surgical clinic of Prof. V. I. Razumovsky.

The social significance of scientific and pedagogical activity derives from the very essence of this highly differentiated function in contemporary society. The social and cultural progress of mankind is inconceivable without scientific research and implies at the same time the constant, systematic training and education under the guidance of our scientists of new generations of qualified specialists and figures of science in a wide variety of areas of modern life. That is why our country so appreciates the work of its scientists; that is why anniversaries in the lives of our scientists and teachers, marking a long streak of legendary hard and fruitful work, become celebrations not only of the narrow circle of their students and figures of the known field of knowledge, but grow into major social events that attract and thrill all who care about the fate of science and social progress.

Although there is considerable literature on the issue of quantitative determination of As in the blood (Strizhevsky, Bang, etc.), but the complexity of manipulations in determining this element, the low stability of standards in colorimetric determinations by Marsch'y and other methods, the need to prepare these standards ex tempore and the inability titration determination of very small amounts of As has made the As determination not so widely used in clinical laboratory practice, as it seemed necessary in some cases of arsenic therapy.

About duration of incubation period of malaria we already had a chance to speak in the report, presented by us, together with Dr. Lifshitz, to the IV Volga region malaria congress. New researches in this direction, which have given us, by the way, the same results, as the former ones, allow us to speak again on this question, especially as this question, which has been raised infinitely many times by different researchers, is solved till now, in our opinion, incorrectly. So, last years begin to speak, as something quite proved, that the incubation period at this illness very often lasts 6-9 months and more while we with it, on the basis of our materials, cannot agree.

If 3-4 years ago a patient came to us with complaints of late pains after eating, of hunger and night pains, if he had an increased content of free HCI in the gastric juice, blood in the gastric contents or in the feces, and if finally we probed his hypertrophied and painful pylorus, we probably would not hesitate to diagnose a stomach ulcer or duodenal ulcer. Now with such categoricalness and certainty we cannot and should not make such diagnosis. Because now we know, especially due to wide use of gastroscopy (mainly in Germany) and also due to wide spread of gastrointestinal surgery, that the whole symptom complex, which we considered almost pathognomonic for stomach or duodenal ulcer, can be present in diseases of the stomach, where there is no ulcer and never was. We now know of the existence of "ulcer disease without ulcers"-Ulcuskrankheit ohne Ulcus!

For the clinician and partly for the pathologist-anatomist the formation of caverns was so far as if the final chord in the progressing tuberculosis process of a certain area of the lungs, in which the sequestration of caseous infiltrate or tissue melting from pyogenic membrane occurred. But after the works of Assmann, Lydtin, Ulrici, Redeker, etc. the attention of clinicians stopped on early subclavian or centrally lying infiltrates, which very often quickly decayed and gave rise to early caverns. We now know that it is necessary to distinguish between these early caverns, in the initial phase of the tuberculosis process, and late caverns, in the final phase of the process. Both species have a definite place in phthisisogenesis.

Our material is very modest, covering only 25 cases of appendicitis. We excluded patients with dubious anamnesis and objective examination data from the category of patients under study, and gastric juice was not studied in them. Besides, we tried to select patients with similar symptoms and clinical manifestations of the disease as much as possible, so that it would be easier and more correct to orient in the results of the study.

In surgical practice, attempts to replace mucous or serous membranes with skin have been known for a long time. There are also known cases of using skin instead of the usual use of fascia. So, O. Loewe (1913) in 9 patients with inguinal hernias, retroflexio uteri and other diseases instead of fascia inserted pieces of skin of different length after removal of its surface epithelial layer. In 1927, Prof. Bogolyubov applied free skin grafting in the form of flagellum in 17 cases of gastropexia, bowel obstruction, anus praeternaturalis and for narrowing the femoral or inguinal canal, for hernias; in 4 cases Prof. Bogolyubov used skin flagellum for narrowing the rectal opening with prolapsed rectum. In all operated cases the transplanted tourniquets were implanted along with complete healing of the wound.

The complete restoration of the auricle belongs to the most difficult tasks of plastic surgery. In daily surgical practice, we usually have to deal with the replacement of partial defects of the auricle of greater or lesser magnitude, as well as with the correction of various irregularities in the shape and position of the outer ear.

The nature and size of surgical intervention in severe surgical patients are determined primarily by the patient's general condition and the reserve of his vitality. Acute osteomyelitis belongs to the number of severe sufferings, affecting most often the growing children's body, and is rightly called a typhoid of bones. In the clinical picture of this disease, sometimes even before the appearance of local symptoms, severe septic conditions come to the fore. Particularly severe is often acute multiple osteomyelitis. In most cases it is a generalized septic disease with one or more deep metastases and circulating infection in the blood.

Recently at the congresses and in the medical literature, both Russian and foreign, the reports on application of patients' own blood injections as a method of inflammatory processes treatment began to appear. In the available literature we managed to trace recently a significant growth of observations on treatment of inflammatory processes by autohemotherapy, and more often this method is used in treatment of skin diseases of bacterial origin, such as acne vulgaris, impetigo, furunculosis.

Perthes' disease is still little studied, especially as regards its pathogenesis and therapy; the cases, traced back over the years, are still isolated. It is difficult to refer the disease to pure arthrosis (see my view in Physician's Business, 1928, No. 10). In Essentuki I have consulted in a number of cases during the last 5 years, I have seen some patients repeatedly and I can give some data about their balneotherapy. As an example, I will give one case, which I saw repeatedly and demonstrated at a lecture to doctors in Essentuki in 1926.

Modern literature teaches us that with extra-articular methods of surgery, graft resorption easily occurs, and primarily at the level of joint fissures, which, in the absence of ankylotic joints within the joints themselves, entails the recurrence of the dangling foot. This failure is easy to understand if we remember clinical and experimental observations showing that in the presence of pseudarthrosis of one of the paired limb bones (tibia or forearm), spontaneous pseudarthrosis of another, whole bone easily occurs at the same level (Bier et al. Biesalski, Müller, Kopylov), and that a bone graft transplanted to fix a tuberculous joint (in particular, the spine) subsequently, after healing of the lesion and disappearance of muscle stiffness, segments just at the level of the joint gap (Biesalski, Müller, Kopylov).

Without going into a critical evaluation of some methods of research of morphological constitution, we would like only to emphasize that the measuring method involuntarily bribes in its favor with its objectivity and greater accuracy. This circumstance prompted us to try the application of this method in the allocation of constitutional types. Starting this task, first of all, of course, we had to stop at the choice of a certain classification of the types of morphological constitution. At the same time, wishing to narrow the problem beyond the limits of testing the measuring method in relation to constitutional types quite established by descriptive methods, we decided so far to choose such constitutional types which, on the one hand, can be allocated quite definitely, and on the other hand, in relation to which their influence on manifestation of physiological and pathological conditions in a woman is known.

In the August 1927 issue of the "Kazan Medical Journal" I reported the results of my experiments on immunization of rabbits with crystalline horse hemoglobin and then noted the extreme importance of obtaining hemoglobin-precipitin serum for forensic medicine. At that time, I immunized four rabbits with human red blood cell extract and six rabbits with crystalline horse hemoglobin. I will not repeat here the results of immunization, I will only remind you that immunization with an extract of red blood cells did not give a specific serum, while immunization with crystal hemoglobin gave results quite similar to those obtained by Higaschi in 1923.

From 9/VI to 10/VIII, 1927, I was in Germany and worked in II Anatomical Institute (Anatomo-Biological Institute) of Berlin University, under Prof. F. Keibel, where I studied the methods of modern embryological research, in particular the methods of both plastic and graphic reconstructions of organs of vegetative nervous system. I also carefully studied the museum of the institute and its embryological collections and looked through a series of microbiological collections I was interested in.

On the basis of a series of experiments performed on dogs, Dr. S. F. Gamayunov found that in dogs, as in humans, there is on the one hand an aspiratory sense of smell and on the other an expiratory sense of smell, the latter being much weaker than the former.

As is known, the process of urine formation is explained differently by different authors: according to Ludwig's theory, all components of urine are excreted in renal glomerules, and in tubules urine is concentrated due to absorption of water; according to Wohmann and Heidenhain, water and sodium chloride are excreted in glomerules, in tubules - the remaining parts of urine.

In recent years, especially in America, there have been many attempts to treat pneumonia with a specific serum formulated for the four types of pneumococcus found. Such experiments, by the way, were performed by Lechner with a type I serum from the Hoechst's factory, as well as with a polyvalent one. In patients the type of pneumococcus was determined by examining a piece of sputum for 6-8 hours with intra-abdominal culture in a pig.

In experiments with inoculations of treated cultures of scarlet streptococcus and infection of monkeys the authors obtained confirmation of their assumption about close symbiosis of this microbe with the scarlet virus. In this symbiosis and in the activation of streptococcus by this virus lies the cause of its pathogenic effect on the organism.

The authors describe a case of cesarean section performed 48 hours before the death of a mother suffering from tbc. The baby died 19 days after birth, with an autopsy finding lung, liver, and spleen tuberculosis.

Before the introduction of the sewage in Prague, 400-500 people a year fell ill with typhoid fever and 67-70 died; when the sewage was finished, 150 people on the average fell ill with 20 deaths, and when the city was supplied with irreproachable drinking water, the corresponding figures dropped to 60 and 6.

The author recommends small amounts of creosote for this purpose, especially in the form of so-called carbazote pills consisting of 0.05 creosote each with charcoal.

On the basis of extensive observations in his sanatorium, the author thinks that this frequency is very high - more than the total number of investigated patients. Inactivated tuberculosis is most often mistaken for active tbc; emphysema, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchitis, and intercostal neuralgia are also often mistaken for tbc.

The author recommends for this purpose the addition of 1/20th part of mercury solution (1 gm of pure mercury per 250 gm of physiological table salt solution). Validity of hemolysins, precipitins and agglutinins is retained for up to 2 years.

Of all the cavernous patients who were treated in the St. Blasien health center in 1919-21, 21.5% were still alive after 6-8 years (or 33%, if we take the same percentage for those whose fate remained unknown as for those who were not lost from sight). Prediction in caverns is closely connected with the quality of the disease process: the so-called early forms give a much better prediction than the late forms; the tertiary forms are much less amenable to internal treatment, and the effusion-progressive forms give an absolutely unfavorable prediction.

The author reports a very interesting case of cure in 19 sessions of a patient of 26 years. At first the eyes returned to normal; pulse rate in 6 weeks gradually decreased from 140 to 80, neck volume decreased by 3 centimeters.

Daily use of diathermy on the stomach for 1-2 weeks very often eliminates even very severe constipation, and this effect lasts for a long time even after the end of treatment.

According to the observations of the author, winter out-of-season and out-of-resort mud treatment of some forms of chronic joint diseases in its therapeutic effect is not much inferior to similar treatment conducted at the resort. Fears on the part of patients of colds or other complications in connection with winter mud treatment are unfounded.

On the basis of a large amount of material, the author came to the conclusion that d'Arsonval's currents have a pain-relieving effect, and their use is desirable in the following cardiac diseases: cardiac neurosis, heart defects, minor myodegenerations and myoasthenia.

The authors observed positive results from treatment with Ca iontophoresis in cases of productive, fibrotic lung tbc in a subcompensated state. On the contrary, in open stage III lung tbc, even if compensated, the use of this method is contraindicated. When treating pulmonary tbc with Ca iontophoresis, longitudinally placed electrodes and low-intensity sessions should be used.

The author describes a case where a patient, who was brought to the hospital dying with signs of very severe poisoning by hydrocyanic acid, after injecting 1.0 sodium thiosulfate into a vein, after 2 minutes breathing returned, then pulse and, finally, consciousness. Two days later he was discharged quite recovered.

This alkaloid extracted from ephedra vulgaris has the same indications as adrenaline, but can also be given per os. The doses are double those of adrenaline. The effect is slower, but also lasts longer.

Smoking tobacco may lead to seizures similar to those seen in chest pain based on coronary and aortic disease. The pain in "tobacco heart" is usually more intense and lasts longer than in real angina pectoris, and in most cases it is accompanied by only slight disturbances of cardiac function, or the latter are even completely absent.

The author obtained excellent results from the use of the rays of the mercury-quartz lamp for mumps: the process immediately stops spreading, the temperature drops, and the patients feel better.

The author believes that the indications for it are almost unlimited, and that it, among the mass of new remedies of this kind, comes closest to the ideal.

The author was convinced that out of the total number of suspected gastric neuroses almost 25% had some organic disease-ulcer, inflammation of the gallbladder, etc., and sometimes the cause of the suspected gastric neurosis was such diseases as tabes.

After purgative enema 1/4 liter of paraffin heated to 40°, to which 2 tablespoons of white clay powder is added, is introduced into the intestine by means of a syringe and an intestinal tube. The infusion is done in the position of the patient on the right side, after which the patient lies on his back, and then on the left side.

Contrary to the classical view that bicuspid narrowing is accompanied by hypotension, Dumas reports 9 cases of mitral endocarditis with hypertension, pointing also to similar reports of Gallavardin (4 cases) and Pаlassе.

In one extremely severe and persistent case of the disease, the author achieved recovery with enemas of decanted enema water from healthy people.

It is known that Baolg proposed a new method of anesthesia of the brachialis plexus, which consists in introducing a needle at the apex of the proc, coracoidei, parallel to the clavicle, in a medial direction at an angle of 85° to the table, where the patient lies on his back. With this insertion, the needle on the II rib touches the plexus. Kim, making experiments on cadavers, was convinced that in some individuals the ink did not spread throughout the brachialis plexus, so he injected half of the novocaine solution with adrenaline (30-40 cc of 2% solution) according to Balog's method, and the other half was injected by guiding the needle medial to the middle of the subclavian fossa.

Goiter develops due to exaggerated physiological growth processes depending on various factors, - here the influence of sex (predominance of females 5:1-3), stages of sexual life (maturation, pregnancy, childbirth), heredity (to the 4th generation) and, finally, the "water" factor affects. It has been proven experimentally that deficiency of salts and, in particular, of iodine does not play a role in goiter etiology.

The author describes a method of forming a fistulous gastric canal from a skin flap on a pedicle. Two fingers below the left subcostal area, in transverse direction, a skin flap is cut out with its base facing laterally.

In 14 cases with good results, the author tested Katzenstein's method-antitoxic serum against bac. coli to treat coli-bacillary peritonitis. In limited processes, where the toxic effect is of secondary importance, the serum has almost no benefit.

The author observed a good effect from the use of these preparations in the sense of elimination of postoperative cardiac weakness and pulmonary complications. Prophylactically the author gave digitalis in the form of suppositories 3 times a day, or administered it intravenously 2 times a day. After the operation the digitalis was given intravenously 2 times a day for 8 days after the big operation.

In both humans and animals, a close affinity between endemic goiter and malignant thyroid tumors has been definitely established. Here almost invariably malignant changes originate from benign tissue proliferations. Thus, Wegelin points out that, for example, in Berlin, which is almost free of goiter disease, malignant thyroid tumors account for no more than 0.09% of the sectional material, whereas in Bern, which is the area where endemic goiter reaches its maximum in Europe, the same tumors account for 1.04%.

If the stump cannot be closed with ordinary stitches (gangrenous, infected cases, etc.), the authors recommend using a cystic suture.

The author recommends a wedge-shaped excision with removal of the nail base to treat an ingrown nail. To speed up the treatment, he advises filling the resulting tissue defect with a Thiersch skin graft.

Having used insulin in combination with glucose in 45 cases of toxicosis (acidosis) of pregnancy, the author obtained very favorable results from such treatment: vomiting of pregnant women, dermatoses, eclampsism and eclampsia were partially completely cured, partially giving a striking improvement.