Veszi, a student of Verworn, pointed out that by attaching a stimulus from the X centripetal root to the IX centripetal root, inhibition can be obtained. We repeated Veszi's experiments. It turned out that inhibition is most easily obtained when the frequency of current for both roots is different, but in general it is obtained both when the strength of currents is different, and when the strength and frequency of current for both roots are the same. In the latter case, the inhibition phenomenon is more easily obtained from a fatigued preparation.

In the Russian literature there are absolutely no detailed instructions on methods of obtaining crystalline hemoglobin, and it seems to us that it will be not uninteresting for doctors to get acquainted with them. My respected teacher, the late Prof. A. A. Panormov, has been studying hemoglobin in our laboratory since 1910. He did a lot of work in this field and accumulated a large amount of raw material, which will be later processed and published. At his suggestion I also took up the study of hemoglobin of cow's blood.

In this article I would like to touch upon one of the basic questions of modern medicine that life itself urges. It is the question of revising the method of clinical work, of revising the direction of the doctor's thought, which has taken root in his mind as a result of the inertia of the progressive advance of medicine, which at one time, probably since Hippocrates, has had a definite bias in its development. And this inertia of medical thought, as if logically justified by the length of time we have been working in a certain direction, thereby hypnotizes us, forcing us to recognize correctness where it does not really exist.

Helms in his paper "Manganbehandlung bei Tuberculose", published in Deutsche med. Wochenschrift" 1925, № 29, published the results of treatment of pulmonary consumption with manganese chloride (manganum chloratum, MnCl2), molecular solution of which, at a dose of 0.03, he administered intravenously at intervals of 3-4-6 days. The results were as follows: out of 26 patients treated in this way, 17 had improvement, 7 cases remained unchanged, and 2 cases went with deterioration; there were 16 bacilliform bacilli at the beginning of treatment, and at the end of treatment 10 of these patients had tubercle bacilli disappeared. Consequently, the percentage of disappearance of Koch's bacilli when treating consumption patients with intravenous infusions of molecular solution of manganese chloride in the author was 62.

After the work of Воеnhеіm, who for the first time made systematic observations on the influence of hormones on gastric secretion, and after a series of subsequent clinical and experimental observations, it was established in science that, along with other organs, hormones do not leave the stomach unaffected. It is true that up to the present time there is not yet complete consistency in the assessment of their influence, but at the same time there is no doubt that they have an effect on the stomach.

The issue of congenital tumors of the sacrococcygeal region is far from new. The famous French obstetrician Philippe Retz wrote as early as 1694 about a similar tumor that was twice the size of a newborn's head and hindered childbirth. But all previous reports were limited to a macroscopic description of the size, shape and location of the tumor. When the microscope came to the aid of the clinic, however, the interesting structure of these tumors attracted the attention of researchers, who tried to work out their classification and identify their pathogenesis. In spite of numerous works in this direction, this question, however, has not yet been completely solved. It will be solved, as Pozharisky says, only when we are able to read the last pages of tumor doctrine.

False aneurysms are relatively rare in peacetime. Even more rare is the operation of vascular suture in common carotid artery aneurysm. This last circumstance prompts us to describe a case of false aneurysm, where suturing of a. carotis communis was required, which took place in our clinic.

It is probable that even at present embryotomy is a frequent operation in the work of a country doctor. During 30 years of my service as a zemstvo doctor in the Mokrovsky district (formerly Gizdrinsky, now Bezhetsky district) I had to perform it in the transverse position (always on a dead fetus) 55 times (in other cases and when it would be possible, but dangerous, to make a difficult turn. I had only two deaths after it. Ascribing such success, besides the good, healthy constitution of the women in labor, to the method of operation, I offer this method to the readers.

The treatment of inflammatory diseases of the female genitalia has long been one of the most important tasks of the gynecologist. With the development of surgery, surgical methods of treatment began to be applied: exudates were removed, the uterus and inflamed appendages were extirpated, etc.; but the danger of surgical intervention on the one hand, and on the other - the severe consequences of removal of organs such as ovaries, especially in young women - forced gynecologists to spend much effort in discovering and improving non-operative methods of treatment of inflammatory diseases of the female genital parts. Among these methods, physical methods such as water, mud, light baths, massage, etc., as well as those related to electricity have long been prominent.

The increasing success of radiotherapeutic treatment of uterine cancer both in Russia and abroad involuntarily makes us think that the time is not far off when the problem of cancer in general will be solved, if not the problem of its treatment, and everything that was achieved here by the power of the knife will be relegated to the field of legend, will have only a historical interest. However, the medical world and medical science must preserve the memory of the struggle waged by gynecological surgeons, expending enormous forces of creativity in a gradual approach to the known ideal of operative treatment. That is why, before I proceed with the presentation of my work, I consider it my duty to mention the main points of the surgical treatment of uterine cancer in the department I supervise.

When looking at the various manifestations of syphilis in its primary and secondary periods, the old syphilidologists noted that in individual patients they proceed differently: while in some patients the secondary period, for example, is characterized by a profuse roseless, papular or pustular rash, which is often preceded by a vigorous prodromal period of fever, in others it proceeds very sluggishly, The secondary period is characterized by an abundant rosellar, papular or pustular rash, which is often preceded by a violent prodromal period with fever, while in others it runs very sluggish, the rash is barely noticed or absent at all (so called lues sine exantheniate). Comparing then the manifestations of the secondary period with the further course of lues, many syphilidologists have come to the conclusion that a more or less violent manifestation of the primary and secondary periods of the disease exempts the patient from lesions of the nervous system, and vice versa, having mild skin manifestations during these periods are candidates for tabes and progressive paralysis.

I give the results of observations of my own breathing, with the proviso that my nose is perfectly normal, and I rarely suffer from a runny nose. In the tables below, d indicates that the main stream of air at a given time went through a given half of the nose, while the other was either completely blocked or breathed through it with difficulty; p indicates that at this moment the breathing through both nostrils was approximately of equal force; ^r/_p indicates that breathing was through both nostrils, the left nostril breathing harder. The results were noted at ½ hour intervals.

Death by lightning is a rarity in the practice of the forensic scientist. Many of the experts with a great experience have never had such cases in their practice and have only a vague idea of the changes which occur on the body of the killed person according to textbooks. Having in my practice three cases of death from the action of lightning, I will allow myself to inform those observations which contradict the data usually stated in the textbooks of forensic medicine.

Surgery is currently making quite significant progress in pericardial pouch diseases. First of all, surgical intervention is required in case of various fluid accumulations in the pericardial cavity (inflammatory exudates, stagnant and bloody effusions). The danger of such changes lies in the aforementioned cardiac tamponade, leading to heart distress and cardiac arrest due to compression of large veins flowing into the heart. Cardiac dysfunction with cardiac tamponade can occur with the accumulation of 150-300 cc of fluid in the pericardial cavity. The sooner the fluid accumulates, the sooner the danger is created.

Therapy of skin diseases by intravenous injections of various drugs is not new and has its own history. At one time Mayer and Linser achieved great success in one severe case of dermatosis during pregnancy (impetigo herpetiformis) by intravenous injections of the blood serum of a healthy pregnant woman. Shortly thereafter, Linser was able to achieve the same success in some similar cases that did not respond to any other therapeutic measures.

On the basis of the clinical and pathological-anatomical study of 6 cases of this anomaly, the author concludes that status thymico-lymphaticus is undoubtedly a pathological condition, congenital or acquired anomaly, and we must distinguish between a primary st. thymico-lymphaticus and a secondary one caused by changes in other endocrine glands.

According to the author's observations, tissue eosinophilia is more frequent and stronger in cancers, less often in sarcomas, while in benign tumors it is usually absent. This difference is partly related to the frequency of inflammation and the tendency of tumors to autolysis.

The author had the opportunity to observe a 22-year-old patient with gigantism since the first months of life. Considering the question of the relation of gigantism to acromegaly, the author dwells on the theory that gigantism develops due to hyperplasia of cellular elements of the anterior pituitary lobe, while acromegaly - due to adenoma of its eosinophilic elements. In his case, the author applied X-ray therapy.

The authors, studying the blood condition in 4 cases of streptococcal sepsis, treated successfully with anti-streptococcal serum, found the following changes: 1) in the height of the disease eosinophils in the blood were completely absent, with the improvement of the patients under the influence of serotherapy there was a rapid increase in their number; 2) this improvement was followed by an increase in the relative number of lymphocytes and a decrease of left shift.

The author treats cancer with intravenous injections of lead salts. Of 227 cases of cancer treated with this method, 41 resulted in clinical recovery.

To find out the influence of the chemical composition of salt on hemolysis, the authors set up a series of experiments with titration of hemolytic sera and complement, and tested a number of physiological NaCl solutions used in the laboratories of Moscow.

The author observed 4 cases of advanced cancer (peritoneum, tongue, parotis), where removal of the adrenal glands was applied. In none of these cases epinephrectomy was successful.

In the literature there are indications that when exposed to these rays the Ca content in the blood increases. Studies of the author, made on 60 persons aged from 4 to 65 years, show that this is not entirely true: the author observed from the action of ultraviolet rays increased Ca content only in those cases where it had previously been reduced against the norm; in those individuals who had normal Ca content, its change after lighting was not observed.

By constructing a special device for measuring the radiation of the mercury-quartz lamp (photo-quantimeter), the author was able to set optimal doses for the treatment of various diseases on a large material.

Along with an appropriate diet and restriction of drinking, patients are allowed to enter no more than 1000 cc of fluid daily, taking into account the high water content in vegetables, potatoes, etc.

Diuretin, when used per os, is a bad diureticum, since it acts diuretic only in anacidic gastric juices, but in normal or elevated hydrochloric acid in the latter diuretin often leads even to a decrease in diuresis. 

Clinical and experimental studies of the last 5 years have shown that transfusion of heterogeneous blood can be perfectly safe. For this purpose it is only necessary to strictly follow the rules regarding the speed of infusion: in the first minute only 1/2 cc. cent. should be transfused, in the second 1-2, in the third 4 cc. cent. cent.; then in the first half of infusion this speed remains at the same level, then gradually it can be increased.

The author reports the influence of liman procedures (mud, brine and mineral baths) on the qualitative composition of blood and concludes that these procedures cause qualitative changes in the white blood cells.

The author treated rickets with food irradiated with a mercury-quartz lamp. The whole meal was irradiated, such as soups, porridges, meat, fish, etc. Complete cure was achieved within a time interval of 30 days to 3 months.

The authors traced the changes of SR (sedimentation reaction) and leukocyte formula under the influence of limanotherapy, sometimes combined with protein therapy, in 152 patients with diseases of the joint and nervous system.

According to V. I. Znamensky indicated for treatment in Matsesta: 1) diseases of the peripheral nervous system, -neuralgia, neuritis; 2) diseases of the central nervous system connected with disorders of the cardiovascular system, - hemiplegia and hemiparesis due to thrombosis and embolism; (treatment of acute forms of the mentioned diseases, it goes without saying, is contraindicated); 3) Luetic diseases,-vascular syphilis of the brain, lues cerebrospinalis, meningo-myelitis, tabes dorsalis incipiens and Luetic radiculitis (here; baths, giving increase of metabolism and excretions, make possible mercury treatment with impunity); 4) remnants of lethargic encephalitis.

The authors found that 1) infection with ascaris lumbricoides larvae can occur per os, through the subcutaneous tissue and through intact skin; 2) in this case the mature ascarid eggs penetrate into the body by one way or another through the blood vessels reach the lungs, where they do a certain cycle of their development; 3) from the pulmonary vessels the larvae penetrate into the smallest and largest bronchi and from there pass into the trachea and larynx, and getting into the pharynx or esophagus, they are swallowed into the stomach, etc.

The author suggests the following method: take 5.0 of the test feces by eye, thoroughly grind it in a porcelain mortar with excess acetone and filter it, and the feces remaining on the filter is washed with acetone until almost discolored liquid flows out; after the acetone is squeezed with a pestle as much as possible, the feces is removed from the filter into another porcelain mortar, grinded with 20 cc. c. of a mixture of alcohol and glacial acetic acid (1 c. c. of acid to 1 c. c. of absol. alcohol), is filtered again, and 1 c. c. of the filtrate is poured into a mixture consisting of 1 c. of Leukomethyl-violett'a or Leukofuchsin with 2 drops of 3% hydrogen peroxide.

Based on the work of his clinic and some literature data, the author believes that "gastric ulcer is a consequence and a peculiar manifestation of tissue acidosis".

After reviewing material covering observations of 319 children of mothers separated from the latter immediately after birth, the author obtained some evidence in favor of the possibility of transmission through the placenta.

Chronic colitis never develops from acute catarrh of the intestines, but always inadvertently, with constitution and nutritional status playing an important role in the etiology. Topographically, a distinction is made between ascending colitis, sigmoiditis, proctitis, and diffuse colitis, and among the cases of sigmoiditis-sigmoiditis mucosa, haemorragica, and atrophicans.

The author thinks that the extreme rarity of tbc skin lesions in visceral tbc indicates a greater immunity of the skin than that of the internal organs in this type of patient.

It is known that when cachectic conditions persist for a long time in the elderly (especially in cancerous cachexia), tubercular processes often break out, seemingly completely cured. This is usually explained by the weakening of the organism's resistance to tbc.

The authors, based on experimental and clinical observations, consider the passage of tbc filtered virus through the placenta to be proven and support their conclusion with a representative case.

Considering indications for surgical intervention in bleeding gastric ulcers, the author divides cases of this kind into 2 groups: 1) cases where the ulcer is accompanied by a single severe bleeding, and 2) cases where there is acute recurrent bleeding.

The authors concluded from experimental studies that the bactericidal power of Peruvian balm is insignificant, but of great importance is its antitoxic effect.

The author performed, on dogs, a number of experiments with homotransplantation, heterotransplantation and necrotransplantation of kidneys.

The author advises to use luminal instead of morphine in patients undergoing surgery before ether anesthesia.

Having treated 430 tuberculosis patients with camphor, the authors come to very optimistic conclusions about this remedy.

After the examination of sphincteroplasty as a method of operative treatment of inguinal hernia, Bleek, based on his own experience (12 cases), suggests that after exposing the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, it should be dissected in the usual way, making two parallel incisions immediately next to the pouparticular ligament and on the medial side.

The authors recommend using omentum as an autoplastic material to fill defects of the cerebral substance and dura mater as an autoplastic material.

The author divides hip joint deformities into two groups: 1) with complete ankylosis of the hip joint, when, in the straightened position of the hip, there is no need for surgical intervention, and when the position of the hip is incorrect, an oblique or wedge osteotomy is indicated, and 2) with preserved mobility of the hip.

The author's technique is as follows: the skin incision begins from the middle of the cristae ilei, 1 cm below it, and runs parallel to it to the sp. il. ant. sup.; from here the incision goes down vertically and passing half of the thigh length, it turns at right angles to the outer surface of the thigh to its middle; the outlined skin flap is cut off and folded outward, exposing the broad femoral fascia and troch. major. Then they penetrate at the sp. il. ant. sup. into the space between tensor fasciae latae and gluteus, médius and, descending along the anterior edge of the latter, dissect the broad fascia to the apex of the greater trochanter, then make an incision through the fascia, running along the edges of the skin defect, rising along its medial edge to the muscle belly of tensoris fasciae latae. The fascial-muscular flap outlined in this way is cut off and folded upward and inward, serving as material for interposition in the future.

In the author's opinion, in isolated paralysis of the ni. quadricipitis femoris, transplantation of m. sartorii and m. tensoris fasciae latae to it is sufficient; in more severe cases, arthrodesis of the knee joint is necessary, which can be done at 7-8 years of age with subsequent fixation in a cast for 4-6 months.

Regarding the effect of the loss of ovarian function on blood pressure, the most common view is that abnormally high blood pressure and abnormal fluctuations in blood pressure are a symptom peculiar to menopause.