In spite of a large number of works devoted to the question of elucidation of the inscretory action of the goitrous gland, we still wander in the dark when judging its role, the importance of this gland still remains extremely mysterious. Comprehensive study, by experiment, of functions of this organ in an animal organism is impossible for one researcher; therefore we can approach this question only by accumulation of sufficient experimental material - only then we gradually, stone by stone, will bring a strong foundation under the scientific solution of this question.

Endemic arthritis or the so-called "Urovskaya disease" was first discovered by Dr. Kashin 75 years ago among residents of the Ura river valley (in Transbaikalia), hence the name "Urovskaya disease". The author calls this peculiar disease “ache disease.” With regard to etiology, Dr. Kashin expresses the belief that scurvy, malaria and syphilis, under the influence of local conditions, can turn into “ache disease”.

The successes of modern functional diagnostics of secretory and motility work of the stomach are to a great extent the result of the fractional method of examination of gastric contents using a thin probe, and if some years ago there were still voices against the use of a thin probe, they have now become silent.

Among the various complications with which malaria is so rich, complications of the nervous system must be ranked among the serious and often life-threatening. That is the reason why I consider it necessary to touch upon this question, equally important for malariologists and for physicians specially engaged in nervous diseases. In my presentation I shall make use of literary data and my own observations over many years.

If in any other branch of medicine the precise nomenclature and classification of different forms of the same kind of disease are undoubtedly of great theoretical and practical importance, the more interesting is a scientifically sound nomenclature and a reasonable classification for the various forms of tbc in general and tbc of the lungs in particular.

The presence of a large number of patients with acute suppuration in polyclinics for the insured requires, in connection with the payment of the time of their incapacity for work, the application here of methods that shorten the duration of treatment as much as possible. By testing various methods, we have come to the conviction that it is necessary to limit the use of incisions and to make them as short as possible where they are absolutely necessary, because if there is an incision, once the symptoms of the main suffering have disappeared, we have before us a wound, until its complete healing the patient in the vast majority of cases cannot be sent back to work. We cannot ignore the painfulness of dressings after the incision, especially in case of tamponade, as well as the not always satisfactory cosmetic result. The desire for possible conservatism on its part leads to attempts to try various physical and biological methods and a number of antiseptic substances.

A pinched appendicular (Richter's) hernia is not a rare form according to the literature it makes up about 6% of all pinched hernias and is certainly found in the practice of almost every district surgeon, although it is often seen. Recognition of this form, as indicated by the majority of authors who have written about Richter's hernias, is far from always easy, not only in the sense of determining this type of impingement, but also of an impinged hernia in general.

Trauma as an etiological cause of muscle paralysis, both external and internal, is relatively rare. Thus, during the whole period of our clinic existence (the 4th year) we observed only one case of m. recti ext. paralysis of traumatic origin.

One of the most interesting forms of ectopic pregnancy can rightfully be considered a type of tubal pregnancy known as interstitial, intermediate, tubal-uterine, or, according to the generally accepted nomenclature, interstitial pregnancy (grav. interstitialis).

As you know, a lot of different remedies have been proposed for labor pains, but most of them are not widespread; some of them do not reach the goal, others are too complicated, many have a harmful effect on the course of the labor act, the use of some endanger the mother or the fetus. The simplest, most expedient and safest method is anesthesia of childbirth with the help of hypnosis, on which we will dwell.

The infant consultation with all the help of its supporting institutions, such as infant reception, health education, the dairy kitchen, legal counseling, and social assistance, can be the perfect kind of dispensary. In the case of infant dispensaries, we strive to include all infants of this age in the work of the clinic as much as possible.

The pituitary gland or gl. pituitaria is an organ lying at the base of the brain in a cavity formed by the sella turcica at the front, back, and bottom, and by the sinus venosus cavernosus dex. et sin. This entire cavity is lined by the dura mater, which covers it from above in the form of diaphragma sellae turcicae. Through its opening passes the infundibulum, which connects the pituitary gland in its posterior lobe with the brain. The cavity infundibuli, which is a recess of the bottom of the third ventricle, in some animal species (e.g., in dogs) passes as recessus infundibuli into the cavity of the posterior pituitary lobe (in humans this lobe has no cavity).

The following functions of the spleen can be considered, in the light of current knowledge, unquestionable: 1) it is an organ of physiological and pathological destruction of blood; 2) it regulates the exchange of iron in the body; 3) it is the main organ of formation of anti-bodies; 4) finally, it regulates, in the sense of suppression, washout of eosinophilic leukocytes from places of their formation.

The authors were convinced from experience that non-sugar diabetes can be successfully treated not only by injections of novasurol, but also by taking the latter per os.

The author was convinced that fern extract is a strong hemolytic poison, causing a sharp increase in bilirubin in the blood, a decrease in the number of red blood cells, with little change in hemoglobin, and hematogenous jaundice.

Ephedrine-alkoloid isolated by Nagai from the plant Ephedra vulgaris ("Kuzmich's grass"), according to experiments of A. D. Timofeevsky, has an effect on the heart of warm-blooded animals similar to that of adrenaline (in the heart in situ causes increased contractions with slowing rhythm due to excitation of the vagus, in an isolated heart - increased contractions with increased rhythm).

In order to separate the action of the vagus nerve and central and reflex breathing, the author suggested separating the head of an animal (e.g., a dog) from the trunk so that they are connected only by uncut vagus nerves, after which the life of the head is maintained by vascular anastomosis with another animal, the life of the trunk by artificial respiration.

By experiments on rabbits with insulin previously subjected to the combined effect of osmotic pressure and electric charge, the authors proved the disappearance of the specific property of this hormone. The blood sugar curve of rabbits after injecting them with insulin treated in this way did not decrease, and in some cases even slightly increased.

According to E. A. Ratner's observations, much smaller doses of fern are suitable for this purpose than are commonly used.

When studying neuromuscular excitability in 28 patients, the author found that patients with pylorospasm and gastric ulcer, pylorospasm and gastric prolapse and, finally, pylorospasm and appendicitis constantly have a decrease in sensitivity of the neuromuscular system. This symptom usually characterizes tetany, either explicit or latent, i.e. spasmophilia.

Sintaline, a guanidine derivative manufactured synthetically by Fabr. The effect of this drug has been studied in detail by Prof. Franck, Nollmann and Wagner both on healthy rabbits and dogs and on dogs with extirpated pancreas, as well as on diabetic patients.

Göneczy recommends two tests to find out the functional status of the heart. The first is the apnoea test. The second is a weight test.

Several dozens of cases of such cysts have been described in the literature, to which the authors add 3 of their own cases. The study of these cases convinced the authors that usually these cysts are multiple, they are located in the middle part of the external margin of cartilaginis semilunaris, inside they are lined with endothelium, contain mucus, and present no signs of inflammation. In half of the cases the formation of these cysts is preceded by trauma.

The author is surprised that in the hands of German surgeons and surgeons of those countries which are under the influence of German science, G.-E. gives worse results than excision, resection and pyloroplasty. In American and English surgeons this operation, on the contrary, gives quite encouraging results both in the sense of the final cure and in the sense of the absence of successive complications.

This operation is relatively rare (the author himself had 2 cases of it and only 55 cases could be gathered from the literature) and belongs to the largest surgical interventions in humans. Being a highly risky surgical act, it poses a deadly danger to the operated person already during its performance - from accidental bleeding, development of shock and anesthesia.

For almost 20 years, in colorectal cancer, where the affected loop and adjacent healthy sections of the large intestine cannot be sufficiently mobilized, even after separation and ligation of the mesentery, the author has been cutting off the parietal peritoneum with fascia of the abdominal wound area and plunging them as deeply into the abdominal cavity as possible.

The author saw 3 cases where women presented with complaints of persistent pain in the lumbosacral vertebrae. Examination of the patient's whole body, including fluoroscopy, revealed nothing pathological. Some time later, however (in one case, e.g., 4 weeks later), the author noticed tumors of the mammary glands (cancer).

In place of vascular denudation in spontaneous gangrene, the author performed periarterial injections of 80º alcohol on animals and humans.

The authors conclude that in the etiology of tetany, in addition to epithelial cells, play a major role and other factors, among which the first place is the depletion of blood calcium salts, a phenomenon very common after military hunger strikes.

With the Ruge-Philippe reaction only germs of high virulence can be determined, while germs of low virulence, but which can nevertheless cause tissue infection, are classified as avirulent in this reaction. The author studied the biological characteristics of these Ruge-Philippe avirulent microbes by determining their resistance to methylene blue solutions. It turned out that clinically completely harmless microbes are less resistant to blue.

Demme studied the dependence of the growth of vaginal microbes on the degree of acidity of the medium and came to the conclusion that, depending on the properties of the nutrient medium and in particular its Ph, one can obtain from the same strain of streptococcus a number of transitional forms, different in growth form, in their hemolytic ability, pathogenicity for animals and humans, as well as in their relation to the conditions of aerobiosis and anabiosis.

Instead of milk and aolan, which are usually used for this purpose, Heim suggests using flogetan, a substance consisting of protein bodies processed before the onset of a biuretic reaction. This substance, being administered in an amount from 1 to 10 cc, does not cause any unpleasant side effects, although it causes both local and general reaction.

The authors found that the number of platelets during menstruation increases significantly, sometimes almost doubling. The greatest increase occurs at the end of the menstrual period; in other phases of the menstrual cycle the fluctuation of platelet number is insignificant. The authors found a similar increase in platelet count in all kinds of pathological bleeding, in the first days of the postpartum period and after surgery, in short, after any blood loss.

The relation of fetal and placental weight under different conditions was studied by Westermark on a material of 20,000 cases, using mathematical formulas, and he came to the following conclusions: fetal weight is less at first birth than at subsequent birth and is independent of the age of the mother; the placenta of full-term fetuses weighs on average 644.0 in boys and 657.0 in girls; the ratio of placental to fetal weight in boys is 1: 5.47, in girls 1:5.17; fetal weight arrives faster than placenta weight; the number determining the proportion between fetal weight and placenta weight increases with maternal age, but is independent of the number of former pregnancies; it is greater in twins.

The instrument is a combination of a long wooden stethoscope with special tubes for listening through the vagina. The stethoscope is placed against the portio vaginalis and waited for the fetus to turn its back toward the cervical canal in its movements, as this is when the heart sounds are clearest.

Among the various signs of early pregnancy, the author attaches particular importance to the Ladin's sign, which allows the diagnosis of a 5-week pregnancy. The phenomenon described by Ladin, as a permanent phenomenon, is observed in the early stages of pregnancy and consists in the formation of a round-shaped elastic zone in the middle of the anterior surface of the uterus, directly above the transition of the uterine body to the cervix. This elastic area increases with the growth of pregnancy, giving the sensation of fluctuation on examination.

Uterine noises depend on the pressure of the amniotic fluid, the tone of the vessels, the uterus, and the abdominal muscles. If you put the woman on her side for a few minutes, the uterine murmur increases on the opposite side, or appears for the first time if it has not been heard. If the mother's aortic tones or uterine murmurs drown out the fetal sordial tones, it is helpful to auscultate in the pregnant woman's Walcher's position.

The morphine solution is administered very slowly. The addition of 0.1 of hypophysine is useful to prevent weakness of perspiration. The duration of action reaches 3 hours. Weakening of exertion was observed by the author only in those cases where injections were used 1-3 hours before delivery.

Horalek performs anesthesia according to Gwathmeu's modified method. During the opening period 4.0 chloral-hyrdate and 0.04 saline morphine in milk are administered in an enema. If the pains are not very strong, one ampulla (2.2 q.c.) of somniphene and 2 q.c. 25% magnesia sulfate solution under the skin and at the same time 0.2 c.c. of pituitaryrin.

Herzfeld states that women with uterine myomas in most cases have a specific, characteristic habitus for the diagnosis of the disease, why he considers it possible to speak of facies myomica. In most cases, patients have significant fat deposition throughout the body.