Chicken embryo as an experimental object for studying development of cardiovascular system

Abstract

Currently, congenital cardiovascular diseases, including congenital heart defects, contribute to the morbidity and mortality of children worldwide. In this regard, great importance is gained by experiments that allow studying the development of cardiovascular system (CVS).  The use of chicken embryos laid the foundation for an experimental study of both the physiology and pathology of the development of CVS. In virtue to accumulated theoretical and experimental material about pattern of development chicken embryos and their organs it becomes possible to study etiology and pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Due to the availability, large size, simplicity of manipulation and cultivation, chicken embryos served as a model for describing of the development and vascularization of the heart, and due to the high conservatism of many key mechanisms of early ontogenesis, the data obtained from such experiments could also be extrapolated to humans. Work with chicken embryos formed the basis for human knowledge in the field of embryogenesis of the cardiovascular system - the formation of the myocardium, epicardium, endocardium, coronary vascular bed, chambers of the heart and the main vessels. With the development of new biomedical technologies, primarily the techniques of intravital imaging, the range of possible interventions on the CCC of the chick embryo has expanded. Taking into account these advantages and the improvement of experimental methods, models based on chicken embryos do not lose relevance to this day.

Keywords

ontogenesis of the heart / pathology of heart development / chick embryo / experimental model / ex-periment.

References

[1] Patten I, Kulesa P, Shen MM, et al. Distinct modes of floor plate induction in the chick embryo. Development. 2003;130(20):4809-21. doi:10.1242/dev.00694

[2] Patten I., Kulesa P., Shen M.M., et al. Distinct modes of floor plate induction in the chick embryo // Development. 2003. Vol. 130, №20. P. 4809-4821. doi:10.1242/dev.00694

[3] Taber LA. Biomechanics of growth, remodeling, and morphogenesis. Applied Mechanics Reviews. 1995;48(8):487-545. doi:10.1115/1.3005109

[4] Taber L.A. Biomechanics of growth, remodeling, and morphogenesis // Applied Mechanics Reviews. 1995. Vol. 48, №8. P. 487-545. doi:10.1115/1.3005109

[5] Tomanek RJ. Developmental progression of the coronary vasculature in human embryos and fetuses. The Anatomical Record. 2016;299(1):25-41. doi:10. 1002/ar.23283

[6] Tomanek R.J. Developmental progression of the coronary vasculature in human embryos and fetuses // The Anatomical Record. 2016. Vol. 299, №1. P. 25-41. doi:10.1002/ar.23283

[7] Germani A, Foglio E, Capogrossi MC, et al. Gene-ration of cardiac progenitor cells through epicardial to mesenchymal transition. Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2015;93(7):735-48. doi:10.1007/s00109 -015-1290-2

[8] Germani A., Foglio E., Capogrossi M.C., et al. Generation of cardiac progenitor cells through epicardial to mesenchymal transition // Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2015. Vol. 93, №7. P. 735-748. doi:10.1007/s00109-015-1290-2

[9] Ishii Y, Reese DE, Mikawa T. Somatic transgenesis using retroviral vectors in the chicken embryo. Developmental Dynamics. 2004;229(3):630-42. doi:10. 1002/dvdy.10484

[10] Ishii Y., Reese D.E., Mikawa T. Somatic transgenesis using retroviral vectors in the chicken embryo // Developmental Dynamics. 2004. Vol. 229, №3. P. 630-642. doi:10.1002/dvdy.10484

[11] Perez-Pomares JM, Carmona R, Gonzalez-Iriarte M, et al. Origin of coronary endothelial cells from epicardial mesothelium in avian embryos. International Journal of Developmental Biology. 2002; 46(8):1005-13.

[12] Perez-Pomares J.M., Carmona R., Gonzalez-Iriarte M., et al. Origin of coronary endothelial cells from epicardial mesothelium in avian embryos // International Journal of Developmental Biology. 2002. Vol. 46, №8. P. 1005-1013.

[13] Masters M, Riley PR. The epicardium signals the way towards heart regeneration. Stem Cell Research. 2014;13(3, Pt. B):683-92. doi:10.1016/j.scr.2014. 04.007

[14] Masters M., Riley P.R. The epicardium signals the way towards heart regeneration // Stem Cell Research. 2014. Vol. 13, №3, Part B. P. 683-692. doi:10.1016/j.scr.2014.04.007

[15] Chen T, You Y, Jiang H, et al. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT): A Biological Process in the Development, Stem Cell Differentiation, and Tumorigenesis. Journal of Cellular Physiology. 2017; 232(12):3261-72. doi:10.1002/ jcp.25797

[16] Chen T., You Y., Jiang H., et al. Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition (EMT): A Biological Process in the Development, Stem Cell Differentiation, and Tumorigenesis // Journal of Cellular Physiology. 2017. Vol. 232, №12. P. 3261-3272. doi:10.1002/jcp.25797

[17] Dusi V, Ghidoni A, Ravera A, et al. Chemokines and heart disease: a network connecting cardiovascular biology to immune and autonomic nervous systems. Mediators of Inflammation. 2016;2016. doi:10.1155/2016/5902947

[18] Dusi V., Ghidoni A., Ravera A., et al. Chemokines and heart disease: a network connecting cardiovascular biology to immune and autonomic nervous systems // Mediators of Inflammation. 2016. Vol. 2016. doi:10.1155/2016/5902947

[19] Markwald RR, Fitzharris TP, Smith WN. Structural analysis of endocardial cytodifferentiation. Developmental Biology. 1975;42(1):160-80. doi:10.1016/ 0012-1606(75)90321-8

[20] Markwald R.R., Fitzharris T.P., Smith W.N. Structural analysis of endocardial cytodifferentiation // Developmental Biology. 1975. Vol. 42, №1. P. 160-180. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(75)90321-8

[21] Bernanke DH, Markwald RR. Effects of hyaluronic acid on cardiac cushion tissue cells in collagen matrix cultures. Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine. 1979;39:271-85.

[22] Bernanke D.H., Markwald R.R. Effects of hyaluronic acid on cardiac cushion tissue cells in collagen matrix cultures // Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine. 1979. Vol. 39. P. 271-285.

[23] Barnett JV, Desgrosellier JS. Early events in valvulogenesis: a signaling perspective. Birth Defects Research, Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews. 2003; 69(1):58-72. doi:10.1002/bdrc.10006

[24] Barnett J.V., Desgrosellier J.S. Early events in valvulogenesis: a signaling perspective // Birth Defects Research, Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews. 2003. Vol. 69, №1. P. 58-72. doi:10.1002/bdrc.10006

[25] De Laughter DM, Saint‐Jean L, Baldwin HS, et al. What chick and mouse models have taught us about the role of the endocardium in congenital heart disease. Birth Defects Research, Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology. 2011;91(6):511-25. doi:10. 1002/bdra.20809

[26] De Laughter D.M., Saint‐Jean L., Baldwin H.S., et al. What chick and mouse models have taught us about the role of the endocardium in congenital heart disease // Birth Defects Research, Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology. 2011. Vol. 91, №6. P. 511-525. doi:10.1002/bdra.20809

[27] Potts JD, Runyan RB. Epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformation in the embryonic heart can be mediated, in part, by transforming growth factor β. Developmental Biology. 1989;134(2):392-401. doi:10. 1016/0012-1606(89)90111-5

[28] Potts J.D., Runyan R.B. Epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformation in the embryonic heart can be mediated, in part, by transforming growth factor β // Developmental Biology. 1989. Vol. 134, №2. P. 392-401. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(89)90111-5

[29] Selleck MAJ. Culture and microsurgical manipulation of the early avian embryo. Methods in cell biology. Academic Press. 1996;51:1-21. doi:10.1016/ S0091-679X(08)60620-2

[30] Selleck M.A.J. Culture and microsurgical manipulation of the early avian embryo. Methods in cell biology // Academic Press. 1996. Vol. 51. P. 1-21. doi:10.1016/S0091-679X(08)60620-2

[31] Desgrosellier JS, Mundell NA, Mc Donnell MA, et al. Activin receptor-like kinase 2 and Smad6 regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transformation during cardiac valve formation. Developmental Biology. 2005;280(1):201-10. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.12.037

[32] Desgrosellier J.S., Mundell N.A., Mc Donnell M.A., et al. Activin receptor-like kinase 2 and Smad6 regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transformation during cardiac valve formation // Developmental Biology. 2005. Vol. 280, №1. P. 201-210. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.12.037

[33] Mikawa T, Fischman DA. Retroviral analysis of cardiac morphogenesis: discontinuous formation of coronary vessels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1992;89(20):9504-8. doi:10.1073/ pnas.89.20.9504

[34] Mikawa T., Fischman D.A. Retroviral analysis of cardiac morphogenesis: discontinuous formation of coronary vessels // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Vol. 89, №20. P. 9504-9508. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.20.9504

[35] Nishibatake M, Kirby ML, Van Mierop LH. Pathogenesis of persistent truncus arteriosus and dextroposed aorta in the chick embryo after neural crest ablation. Circulation. 1987;75(1):255-64. doi:10.1161/ 01.CIR.75.1.255

[36] Nishibatake M., Kirby M.L., Van Mierop L.H. Pathogenesis of persistent truncus arteriosus and dextroposed aorta in the chick embryo after neural crest ablation // Circulation. 1987. Vol. 75, №1. P. 255-264. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.75.1.255

[37] Bockman DE, Kirby ML. Dependence of thymus development on derivatives of the neural crest. Science. 1984;223(4635):498-500.

[38] Bockman D.E., Kirby M.L. Dependence of thymus development on derivatives of the neural crest // Science. 1984. Vol. 223, №4635. P. 498-500.

[39] Le Douarin NM, Creuzet S, Couly G, et al. Neural crest cell plasticity and its limits. Development. 2004;131(19):4637-50. doi:10.1242/dev.01350

[40] Le Douarin N.M., Creuzet S., Couly G., et al. Neural crest cell plasticity and its limits // Development. 2004. Vol. 131, №19. P. 4637-4650. doi:10.1242/dev.01350

[41] Escot S, Blavet C, Härtle S, et al. Misregulation of SDF1-CXCR4 signaling impairs early cardiac neural crest cell migration leading to conotruncal defects. Circulation Research. 2013;113(5):505-16. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301333

[42] Escot S., Blavet C., Härtle S., et al. Misregulation of SDF1-CXCR4 signaling impairs early cardiac neural crest cell migration leading to conotruncal defects // Circulation Research. 2013. Vol. 113, №5. P. 505-516. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301333

[43] Bressan M, Yang PB, Louie JD, et al. Reciprocal myocardial-endocardial interactions pattern the delay in atrioventricular junction conduction. Development. 2014;141(21):4149-57. doi:10.1242/dev.110007

[44] Bressan M., Yang P.B., Louie J.D., et al. Reciprocal myocardial-endocardial interactions pattern the delay in atrioventricular junction conduction // Development. 2014. Vol. 141, №21. P. 4149-4157. doi:10.1242/dev.110007

[45] Bonet F, Dueñas Á, López-Sánchez C, et al. MiR-23b and miR-199a impair epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during atrioventricular endocardial cushion formation. Developmental Dynamics. 2015; 244(10):1259-75. doi:10.1002/dvdy.24309

[46] Bonet F., Dueñas Á., López-Sánchez C., et al. MiR-23b and miR-199a impair epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during atrioventricular endocardial cushion formation // Developmental Dynamics. 2015. Vol. 244, №10. P. 1259-1275. doi:10.1002/dvdy.24309

[47] Hove JR, Köster RW, Forouhar AS, et al. Intracardiac fluid forces are an essential epigenetic factor for embryonic cardiogenesis. Nature. 2003;421 (6919):172-7. doi:10.1038/nature01282

[48] Hove J.R., Köster R.W., Forouhar A.S., et al. Intracardiac fluid forces are an essential epigenetic factor for embryonic cardiogenesis // Nature. 2003. Vol. 421, №6919. P. 172-177. doi:10.1038/ nature01282

[49] Kloosterman WP, Plasterk RH. The diverse functions of microRNAs in animal development and disease. Developmental Cell. 2006;11(4):441-50. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2006.09.009

[50] Kloosterman W.P., Plasterk R.H. The diverse functions of microRNAs in animal development and disease // Developmental Cell. 2006. Vol. 11, №4. P. 441-450. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2006.09.009

[51] Espinoza-Lewis RA, Wang DZ. MicroRNAs in heart development. Current Topics in Developmental Biology. Academic Press. 2012;100:279-317. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-387786-4.00009-9

[52] Espinoza-Lewis R.A., Wang D.Z. MicroRNAs in heart development // Current Topics in Developmental Biology. Academic Press. 2012. Vol. 100. P. 279-317. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-387786-4.00009-9

[53] Buckingham M, Meilhac S, Zaffran S. Building the mammalian heart from two sources of myocardial cells. Nature Reviews Genetics. 2005; 6(11):826-37. doi:10.1038/nrg1710

[54] Buckingham M., Meilhac S., Zaffran S. Building the mammalian heart from two sources of myocardial cells // Nature Reviews Genetics. 2005. Vol. 6, №11. P. 826-837. doi:10.1038/nrg1710

[55] Blaschke RJ, Hahurij ND, Kuijper S, et al. Targeted mutation reveals essential functions of the homeodomain transcription factor Shox2 in sinoatrial and pacemaking development. Circulation. 2007;115(14): 1830-8. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106. 637819

[56] Blaschke R.J., Hahurij N.D., Kuijper S., et al. Targeted mutation reveals essential functions of the homeodomain transcription factor Shox2 in sinoatrial and pacemaking development // Circulation. 2007. Vol. 115, №14. P. 1830-1838. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.637819

[57] Habets PE, Moorman AF, Clout DE, et al. Cooperative action of Tbx2 and Nkx2. 5 inhibits ANF expression in the atrioventricular canal: implications for cardiac chamber formation. Genes&Development. 2002;16(10):1234-46. doi:10.1101/gad. 222902

[58] Habets P.E., Moorman A.F., Clout D.E., et al. Cooperative action of Tbx2 and Nkx2. 5 inhibits ANF expression in the atrioventricular canal: implications for cardiac chamber formation // Genes & Development. 2002. Vol. 16, №10. P. 1234-1246. doi:10.1101/gad.222902

[59] Tomanek RJ. Developmental progression of the coronary vasculature in human embryos and fetuses. The Anatomical Record. 2016;299(1):25-41. doi:10.1002/ar.23283

[60] Tomanek R.J. Developmental progression of the coronary vasculature in human embryos and fetuses // The Anatomical Record. 2016. Vol. 299, №1. P. 25-41. doi:10.1002/ar.23283

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Kade A.H., Trofimenko A.I., Turovaia A.Y., Pevzner D.A., Lazarev V.V., Lysov E.E., Pogosyan S.A., Minina I.I.