Pathomorphology of hydrocephalus associated with anomalies of development of the cerebral aqueduct

Abstract

Aim. The aim of the study was to reveal structural peculiarities of the ventricular germinal zone and of the neocortex in newborns of 22-40 weeks gestation with congenital hydrocephalus associated with anomalies in development of the cerebral aqueduct.

Materials and Methods. The main group was the brain of newborns aged 22-40 weeks of gestation with hydrocephalus, formed with the underlying developmental anomalies of the cerebral aqueduct (n=10); comparison group (n=30) was the brain of newborns without visible pathology of the CNS with the width of the lumen of lateral ventricles not exceeding 0.5 cm. A complex pathomorphological study of the ventricular germinal zone and the neocortex in the projection of field No. 6 (cortical representation of the motor analyzer) was carried out.

Results. Hydrocephalus associated with anomalies of development of the cerebral aqueduct is characterized by disorders in formation of sulci and gyri (micropolygyria, asymmetry and breakage of the gyrification sequence), by absence of signs of remodeling of the ventricular germinal zone and by retardation of differentiation of III-VI cytoarchitectonic layers of the neocortex, with the underlying increased expression of S-100 glial protein in glioblasts of white matter, decreased expression of vimentin in vessels of periventricular region, negative expression of metalloproteinases-9 in glioblasts, of reelin in Cajal-Retzius neurons, of desmin in periventricular vessels.

Conclusion. Structural peculiarities of the ventricular germinal zone and the neocortex in newborns of 22-40 weeks of gestation with hydrocephalus, associated with anomalies in development of the cerebral aqueduct, should be considered as morphological diagnostic criteria for differentiation of the given pathology with internal hydrocephalus of a different etiology.

Keywords

ventricular germinal zone / neocortex / hydrocephalus / anomalies in development of the cerebral aqueduct / newborns

References

[1] Serikawa T, Nishiyama K, Tohyama J, et al. Prenatal molecular diagnosis of X-linked hydrocephalus via a silent C924T mutation in the L1CAM gene. Congeni-tal Anomalies. 2014;54(4):243-5. doi:10. 1111/cga.12069

[2] Serikawa T., Nishiyama K., Tohyama J., et al. Prenatal molecular diagnosis of X-linked hydrocephalus via a silent C924T mutation in the L1CAM gene // Congenital Anomalies. 2014. Vol. 54, №4. P. 243-245. doi:10.1111/cga.12069

[3] Rados M, Orescovic D, Rados M, et al. Long lasting near-obstruction stenosis of mesencephalic aqueduct without development of hydrocephalus – case report. Croatian Medical Journal. 2014; 55(4):394-8. doi:10.3325/cmj.2014.55.394

[4] Rados M., Orescovic D., Rados M., et al. Long lasting near-obstruction stenosis of mesencephalic aqueduct without development of hydrocephalus – case report // Croatian Medical Journal. 2014. Vol. 55, №4. P. 394-398. doi:10.3325/cmj.2014.55.394

[5] Oresković D, Klarica М. Development of hydrocephalus and classical hypothesis of cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics: facts and illusions. Progress in Neurobi-ology. 2011;94(3):238-58. doi:10.1016/ j.pneurobio.2011.05.005

[6] Oresković D., Klarica М. Development of hydrocephalus and classical hypothesis of cerebrospinal fluid hydrody-namics: facts and illusions // Progress in Neurobiology. 2011. Vol. 94, №3. P. 238-258. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.05.005

[7] Akins P, Guppy K, Axelrod Y, et al. The genesis of low pressure hydrocephalus. Neurocritical Care. 2011;15(3):461-8. doi:10.1007/s12028-011- 9543-6

[8] Akins P., Guppy K., Axelrod Y., et al. The Genesis of Low Pressure Hydrocephalus // Neurocritical Care. 2011. Vol. 15, №3. P. 461-468. doi:10.1007/ s12028-011-9543-6

[9] Barashnev YuI, Bakharev VA. Embriofetopatii. Diagnostika i profilaktika anomalii tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy i skeleta. Moscow: Triada-Х; 2010. (In Russ).

[10] Барашнев Ю.И., Бахарев В.А. Эмбриофетопатии. Диагностика и профилактика аномалий центральной нерв-ной системы и скелета. М.: Триада-Х; 2010.

[11] Vasileva M, Procenko E, Peretyatko L. Мethod of visualization a brain ventricles of foetuses 22-40 weeks of gestation. Morfologicheskie vedomosti. 2009;1(1-2):103-5. (In Russ).

[12] Васильева М.Е., Проценко Е.В., Перетятко Л.П. Метод визуализации желудочков головного мозга плодов 22-40 недель гестации // Морфологические ведомости. 2009. Т. 1, №1-2. С. 103-105.

[13] Sarkisov DS, Perov YuM, editors. Mikroskopi-cheskaya tekhnika. Rukovodstvo dlya vrachei i laborantov. Moscow: Meditsina; 1996. (In Russ).

[14] Саркисов Д.С., Перов Ю.М., ред. Микроскопическая техника. Руководство для врачей и лаборантов. М.: Ме-дицина; 1996.

[15] Rebrova OYu. Statisticheskii analiz meditsinskikh dannykh. Moscow: Media Sfera; 2003. (In Russ).

[16] Реброва О.Ю. Статистический анализ медицинских данных. М.: Медиа Сфера; 2003.

[17] Wellesley D, Dolk H, Boyd P, et al. Rare chromosome abnormalities, prevalence and prenatal diagnosis rates from population-based congenital ano-maly regis-ters in Europe. European Journal of Human Genetics. 2012;20(5):521-6. doi:10.1038/ejhg. 2011.246

[18] Wellesley D., Dolk H., Boyd P., et al. Rare chromosome abnormalities, prevalence and prenatal diagnosis rates from population-based congenital anomaly registers in Europe // European Journal of Human Genetics. 2012. Vol. 5, №20. P. 521-526. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.246

[19] Protsenko E, Vasil'eva M, Peretiatko L, et al. Structural changes in the germinal matrix of the brain of fetuses and neonatal infants with ventriculomegaly and congenital hydrocephalus. Arkhiv patologii. 2014;76(3):9-12. (In Russ).

[20] Проценко Е.В., Васильева М.Е., Перетятко Л.П., и др. Структурные изменения герминативного матрикса у плодов и новорожденных с вентрикуломегалией и врожденной гидроцефалией // Архив патологии. 2014. Т. 76, №3. С. 9-12.

[21] Lockwood Ch, Oner C, Uz Y, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expres-sion in preeclamptic decidua and MMP9 induction by tumor necrosis factor al-pha and interleukin 1 beta in human first trimester decidual cells 1. Biology of Reproduction. 2008; 78(6):1064-72. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.107.063743

[22] Lockwood Ch., Oner C., Uz Y., et al. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression in preeclamptic decidua and MMP9 induction by tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta in human first trimester decidual cells 1 // Biology of Reproduction. 2008. Vol. 78, №6. P. 1064-1072. doi:10.1095 /biolreprod.107.063743

[23] Protsenko E, Peretyatko L, Vasilyeva M. Features of expression of mmp-9 in brain structures fetal and neonatal 22-40 weeks of gestation at ventriculo-megaly and hydrocephalus. Detskaya meditsina Severo-Zapada. 2012;3(2):32-4. (In Russ).

[24] Проценко Е.В., Перетятко Л.П., Васильева М.Е. Особенности экспрессии ММР-9 в структурах головного моз-га плодов и новорожденных 22-40 недель гестации при вентрикуломегалии и гидроцефалии // Детская меди-цина Северо-Запада. 2012. Т. 3, №2. С. 32-34.

[25] Lazyuk GI, editor. Teratologiya cheloveka. Ruko-vodstvo dlya vrachei. 2nd ed. Moscow: Meditsina; 1991. (In Russ).

[26] Лазюк Г.И., ред. Тератология человека. Руководство для врачей. 2-е изд. М.: Медицина; 1991.

[27] Vlasyuk VV. Patologiya golovnogo mozga u novorozhdennykh i detei rannego vozrasta. Moscow: Logosfera; 2014. (In Russ).

[28] Власюк В.В. Патология головного мозга у новорожденных и детей раннего возраста. М.: Логосфера; 2014.

[29] Schiffmann S, Bernier В, Goffinet А. Reelin mRNA expression during mouse brain development. European Journal of Neuroscience. 1997;5(9):1055-71. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01456.x

[30] Schiffmann S., Bernier В., Goffinet А. Reelin mRNA expression during mouse brain development // European Jour-nal of Neuroscience. 1997. Vol. 5, №9. P. 1055-1071. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01456.x

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Procenko E.V., Peretiatko L.P., Fateeva N.V., Saryeva O.P.