Levels of Corticosterone and Glucose in Blood of Rats under Conditions of Chronic Unpredictable Stress of Different Duration

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Mammals are almost constantly exposed to a variety of stressors. The changes in the concentration of corticosterone and the level of glucose in blood of animals under such conditions seems relevant for understanding the influence of repeated stress effects on endocrine and metabolic processes.

AIM: To study the concentrations of corticosterone and glucose in blood of rats in different time periods of prolonged low-intensity unpredictable stress.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were carried out on 42 male Wistar rats. Individuals of the experimental groups were subjected to 7-day cycles of alternating stressors using a modified model of chronic unpredictable mild stress with presentation of different stressors. The concentration of corticosterone and glucose in blood was determined at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of observation.

RESULTS: A pronounced decrease in corticosterone levels was found in rats at 1 week of stress exposure, followed by a slow recovery by the end of 4th week. Blood glucose level increased at 2 weeks of exposure.

CONCLUSION: The data obtained illustrate the specificity of changes in the levels of glucose and corticosterone in the blood of mammals in different time periods of chronic stress. These changes characterize the dysregulation of the integrative physiological systems in relatively early periods of chronic stress with the subsequent development of adaptation in the later stages of repeated stress exposures.

Keywords

rats / chronic unpredictable mild stress / corticosterone / glucose

References

[1] Selye H. The stress of life. New–York: McGraw-Hill; 1956.

[2] Selye H. The stress of life. N.–Y.: McGraw-Hill; 1956.

[3] Abramova AYu, Koplik EV, Alekseyeva IV, et al. Blood glucose level in rats with different behavioral activity in the dynamics of repeated stress exposures. I. P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2019;27(1):10–9. (In Russ). doi: 10.23888/PAVLOVJ201927110-19

[4] Абрамова А.Ю., Коплик Е.В., Алексеева И.В., и др. Уровень глюкозы в крови крыс с разной поведенческой активностью в динамике многократных стрессорных воздействий // Российский медико-биологический вестник имени академика И. П. Павлова. 2019. Т. 27, № 1. С. 10–19. doi: 10.23888/PAVLOVJ201927110-19

[5] Martyusheva AS, Subbotina AYu, Abramova AYu, et al. Changes in metabolic parameters of rats in different age periods after prenatal stress. I. P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2022;30(4):471–80. (In Russ). doi: 10.17816/PAVLOVJ106532

[6] Мартюшева А.С., Субботина А.Ю., Абрамова А.Ю., и др. Изменение метаболических показателей у крыс в разные возрастные периоды после пренатального стресса // Российский медико-биологический вестник имени академика И. П. Павлова. 2022. Т. 30, № 4. С. 471–480. doi: 10.17816/PAVLOVJ106532

[7] Kalinichenko LS, Koplik EV, Pertsov SS. Cytokine profile of peripheral blood in rats with various behavioral characteristics during acute emotional stress. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2014;156(4):441-444. doi: 10.1007/s10517-014-2369-4

[8] Kalinichenko L.S., Koplik E.V., Pertsov S.S. Cytokine profile of peripheral blood in rats with various behavioral characteristics during acute emotional stress // Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 2014. Vol. 156, No. 4. P. 441–444. doi: 10.1007/s10517-014-2369-4

[9] Pertsov SS. Role of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in the effect of melatonin on the thymus, adrenal glands, and spleen in rats. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2006;141(4):383–6. doi: 10.1007/s10517-006-0177-1

[10] Pertsov S.S. Role of the Hypothalamic Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in the Effect of Melatonin on the Thymus, Adrenal Glands, and Spleen in Rats // Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 2006. Vol. 141, No. 4. P. 383–386. doi: 10.1007/s10517-006-0177-1

[11] Kryzhanovskiy GN, Akmayev IG, Magayeva SV, et al. Neyro-immunoendokrinnyye vzaimodeystviya v norme i patologii. Moscow: Meditsinskaya kniga; 2010. (In Russ).

[12] Крыжановский Г.Н., Акмаев И.Г., Магаева С.В., и др. Нейроиммуноэндокринные взаимодействия в норме и патологии. М.: Медицинская книга; 2010.

[13] Kryzhanovskiy GN. Dizregulyatsionnaya patologiya. Moscow: Meditsina; 2002. (In Russ).

[14] Крыжановский Г.Н. Дизрегуляционная патология. М.: Медицина; 2002.

[15] Gulyaeva NV. The Neurochemistry of Stress: the Chemistry of the Stress Response and Stress Vulnerability. Neyrokhimiya. 2018;35(2):111–4. (In Russ). doi: 10.7868/S1027813318020012

[16] Гуляева Н.В. Нейрохимия стресса: химия стресс-реактивности и чувствительности к стрессу // Нейрохимия. 2018. Т. 35, № 2. С. 111–114. doi: 10.7868/S1027813318020012

[17] Mazurina NV, Leskova IV, Troshina EA, et al. Obesity and stress: endocrine and social aspects of the problem in the modern Russian society. Obesity and Metabolism. 2019;16(4):18–24. (In Russ). doi: 10.14341/omet9975

[18] Мазурина Н.В., Лескова И.В., Трошина Е.А., и др. Ожирение и стресс: эндокринные и социальные аспекты проблемы в совре- менном российском обществе // Ожирение и метаболизм. 2019. Т. 16, № 4. С. 18–24. doi: 10.14341/omet9975

[19] Gutsol L, Guzovskaiia E, Serebrennikova S, et al. Stress (general adaptation syndrome) Lecture. Baikal Medical Journal. 2022;1(1):70–80. (In Russ). doi: 10.57256/2949-0715-2022-1-70-80

[20] Гуцол Л.О., Гузовская Е.В., Серебренникова С.Н., и др. Стресс (общий адаптационный синдром): лекция // Байкальский медицинский журнал. 2022. Т. 1, № 1. С. 70–80. doi: 10.57256/2949-0715-2022-1-70-80

[21] Willner P, Towell A, Sampson D, et al. Reduction of sucrose preference by chronic unpredictable mild stress, and its restoration by a tricyclic antidepressant. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1987;93(3): 358–64. doi: 10.1007/bf00187257

[22] Willner P., Towell A., Sampson D., et al. Reduction of sucrose preference by chronic unpredictable mild stress, and its restoration by a tricyclic antidepressant // Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1987. Vol. 93, No. 3. P. 358–364. doi: 10.1007/bf00187257

[23] Кrupina NA, Khlebnikova NN, Orlova IN, et al. Effects of chronic mild stress in Wistar and August rats: behavior and monoamine content in the striatum. Pathogenesis. 2012;10(2):50–8. (In Russ).

[24] Крупина Н.А., Хлебникова Н.Н., Орлова И.Н., и др. Эффекты хронического мягкого стресса у крыс Вистар и Август. Поведение и содержание моноаминов в стриатуме // Патогенез. 2012. Т. 10, № 2. С. 50–58.

[25] Smirnova AV, Lagutina LD, Trubitsyna IE, et al. Features of anesthesia in rats at abdominal operations. Experimental & Clinical Gastroenterology. 2012;(5):62–5. (In Russ).

[26] Смирнова А.В., Лагутина Л.Д., Трубицына И.Е., и др. Особенности проведения анестезии у крыс при полостных операциях // Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2012. № 5. С. 62–65.

[27] Tyurenkov IN, Filina IS, Gumilevskiy BY, et al. The influence of immunization on adaptation by chronic stress of animals. Fundamental Research. 2014;(7, Pt 2):368–71. (In Russ).

[28] Тюренков И.Н., Филина И.С., Гумилевский Б.Ю., и др. Влияние иммунизации на адаптационные механизмы при хроническом стрессировании животных // Фундаментальные исследования. 2014. № 7, Ч. 2. С. 368–371.

[29] Skripkina DV, Abramova AYu, Shoibonov BB, et al. Level of cytokines and C3 complement in the blood of rats under conditions of chronic unpredictable stress of different durations. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2024;177(3):280–4. (In Russ). doi: 10.47056/0365-9615-2024-177-3-280-284

[30] Скрипкина Д.В., Абрамова А.Ю., Шойбонов Б.Б., и др. Уровень цитокинов и С3-комплемента в крови крыс в условиях хронического непредсказуемого стресса разной длительности // Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 2024. Т. 177, № 3. С. 280–284. doi: 10.47056/0365-9615-2024-177- 3-280-284

[31] Wolowczuk I, Verwaerde C, Viltart O, et al. Feeding our immune system: impact on metabolism. Clin Dev Immunol. 2008;2008:639803. doi: 10.1155/2008/639803

[32] Wolowczuk I., Verwaerde C., Viltart O., et al. Feeding our immune system: impact on metabolism // Clin. Dev. Immunol. 2008. Vol. 2008. P. 639803. doi: 10.1155/2008/639803

[33] Starosel’nikov AN, Gusev KA, Mironova OB, et al. Modern Aspects of the Participation of Interleukin-1 Beta and Interleukin-6 in the Regeneration and Metabolic Processes of Bone Tissue (Literature Review). Nauka Molodykh (Eruditio Juvenium). 2023;11(3):447–58. (In Russ). doi: 10.23888/HMJ2023113447-458

[34] Старосельников А.Н., Гусев К.А., Миронова О.Б., и др. Современные аспекты участия интерлейкина-1 бета и интерлейкина-6 в регенерации и обменных процессах костной ткани (обзор литературы) // Наука молодых (Eruditio Juvenium). 2023. Т. 11, № 3. С. 447–458. doi: 10.23888/HMJ2023113447-458

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector