Production cross sections for exotic nuclei with multinucleon transfer reactions

Feng-Shou Zhang, Cheng Li, Long Zhu, Peiwei Wen

PDF(4989 KB)
PDF(4989 KB)
Front. Phys. ›› 2018, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (6) : 132113. DOI: 10.1007/s11467-018-0843-6
REVIEW ARTICLE
REVIEW ARTICLE

Production cross sections for exotic nuclei with multinucleon transfer reactions

Author information +
History +

Abstract

The main progresses in the multinucleon transfer reactions at energies close to the Coulomb barrier are reviewed. After a short presentation of the experimental progress and theoretical progress, the predicted production cross sections for unknown neutron-rich heavy nuclei and the trans-uranium nuclei are presented.

Keywords

heavy-ion collisions / multinucleon transfer reactions / exotic nuclei / GRAZING model / DNS model / ImQMD model

Cite this article

Download citation ▾
Feng-Shou Zhang, Cheng Li, Long Zhu, Peiwei Wen. Production cross sections for exotic nuclei with multinucleon transfer reactions. Front. Phys., 2018, 13(6): 132113 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-018-0843-6

References

[1]
H. Mach, A. Piotrowski, R. L. Gill, R. F. Casten, and D. D. Warner, Identification of Four New Neutron-Rich Rare-Earth Isotopes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1547 (1986)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[2]
G. Engler, Y. Nir-El, M. Shmid, and S. Amiel, Half-life measurements of Rb, Sr, Y, Cs, Ba, La and Ce isotopes with A= 91–98 and A= 142–149, Phys. Rev. C 19, 1948 (1979)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[3]
J. Kurcewicz, F. Farinon, H. Geissel, S. Pietri, C. Nociforo, et al., Discovery and cross-section measurement of neutron-rich isotopes in the element range from neodymium to platinum with the FRS, Phys. Lett. B 717, 371 (2012)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[4]
O. B. Tarasov, D. J. Morrissey, A. M. Amthor, T. Baumann, D. Bazin, et al., Evidence for a Change in the Nuclear Mass Surface with the Discovery of the Most Neutron-Rich Nuclei with 17≤Z≤25, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 142501 (2009)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[5]
F. S. Zhang and L. X. Ge, Nuclear Fragmentation, Science Press, Beijing, 1998
[6]
F. S. Zhang and E. Suraud, Analysis of multifragmentation in a Boltzmann–Langevin approach, Phys. Rev. C 51, 3201 (1995)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[7]
F. S. Zhang and E. Suraud, Boltzmann–Langevin equation, dynamical instability and multifragmentation, Phys. lett. B 319, 35 (1993)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[8]
Y. Aritomo, T. Wada, M. Ohta, and Y. Abe, Fluctuation-dissipation model for synthesis of superheavy elements, Phys. Rev. C 59, 796 (1999)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[9]
C. Y. Wong, Interaction barrier in charged-particle nuclear reactions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 766 (1973)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[10]
H. Lü, D. Boilley, Yasuhisa Abe, and C. W. Shen, Synthesis of superheavy elements: Uncertainty analysis to improve the predictive power of reaction models, Phys. Rev. C 94, 034616 (2016)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[11]
M. Thoennessen, The Discovery of Isotopes: A Complete Compilation, Springer International Publishing, US, 2016
[12]
S. Ayik, O. Yilmaz, B. Yilmaz, A. S. Umar, A. Gokalp, G. Turan, and D. Lacroix, Quantal description of nucleon exchange in a stochastic mean-field approach, Phys. Rev. C 91, 054601 (2015)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[13]
S. Ayik, K. Washiyama, and D. Lacroix, Fluctuation and dissipation dynamics in fusion reactions from a stochastic mean-field approach, Phys. Rev. C 79, 054606 (2009)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[14]
R. Yanez and W. Loveland, Predicting the production of neutron-rich heavy nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions using a semi-classical model including evaporation and fission competition, GRAZING-F, Phys. Rev. C 91, 044608 (2015)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[15]
E. Vigezzi and A. Winther, On the application of complex trajectories to direct heavy-ion reactions, Ann. Phys. (NY) 192, 432 (1989)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[16]
L. Corradi, A. M. Stefanini, D. Ackermann, S. Beghini, G. Montagnoli, C. Petrache, F. Scarlassara, C. H. Dasso, G. Pollarolo, and A. Winther, Multinucleon transfer reactions in 32S+208Pb close to the Coulomb barrier, Phys. Rev. C 49, 2875(R) (1994)
[17]
L. Corradi, A. M. Vinodkumar, A. M. Stefanini, E. Fioretto, G. Prete, S. Beghini, G. Montagnoli, F. Scarlassara, G. Pollarolo, F. Cerutti, and A. Winther, Light and heavy transfer products in 58Ni+208Pb at the Coulomb barrier, Phys. Rev. C 66, 024606 (2002)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[18]
O. Beliuskina, S. Heinz, V. Zagrebaev, V. Comas, C. Heinz, et al., On the synthesis of neutron-rich isotopes along the N= 126 shell in multinucleon transfer reactions, Eur. Phys. J. A 50, 161 (2014)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[19]
T. Welsh, W. Loveland, R. Yanez, J. S. Barrett, E. A. McCutchan, et al., Modeling multi-nucleon transfer in symmetric collisions of massive nuclei, Phys. Lett. B 771, 119 (2017)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[20]
V. Zagrebaev and W. Greiner, Shell effects in damped collisions: A new way to superheavies, J. Phys. G Nucl. Part. Phys. 34, 2265 (2007)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[21]
S. Wuenschel, K. Hagel, M. Barbui, J. Gauthier, X. G. Cao, et al., Experimental survey of the production of α-decaying heavy elements in 238U+232 Th reactions at 7.5–6.1 MeV/nucleon, Phys. Rev. C 97, 064602 (2018)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[22]
S. Ayik, B. Yilmaz, O. Yilmaz, and A. S. Umar, Quantal diffusion description of multinucleon transfers in heavyion collisions, Phys. Rev. C 97, 054618 (2018)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[23]
S. Ayik, B. Yilmaz, O. Yilmaz, A. S. Umar, and G. Turan, Multinucleon transfer in central collisions of 238U+238 U, Phys. Rev. C 96, 024611 (2017)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[24]
R. Bass, Nuclear Reactions with Heavy Ions, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010
[25]
C. J. Lin, Heavy-Ion Nuclear Reactions, Harbin Engineering Unirersity Press, Harbin, 2015
[26]
V. W. Oertzen, H. G. Bohlen, B. Gebauer, R. Künkel, F. Pühlhofer, and D. Scühll, Quasi-elastic neutron transfer and pairing effects in the interaction of heavy nuclei, Z. Phys. A 326, 463 (1987)
[27]
V. W. Oertzen, Cold multi-nucleon transfer between heavy nuclei and the synthesis of new elements, Z. Phys. A 342, 177 (1992)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[28]
F. L. H. Wolfs, Fission and deep-inelastic scattering yields for 58Ni+112,124Sn sn at energies around the barrier, Phys. Rev. C 36, 1379 (1987)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[29]
L. Corradi, A. M. Stefanini, C. J. Lin, S. Beghini, G. Montagnoli, F. Scarlassara, G. Pollarolo, and A. Winther, Multinucleon transfer processes in 64Ni+238U, Phys. Rev. C 59, 261 (1999)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[30]
L. Corradi, G. Pollarolo, and S. Szilner, Multinucleon transfer processes in heavy-ion reactions, J. Phys. G 36, 113101 (2009)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[31]
R. Kaufmann and R. Wolfgang, Complex nucleon transfer reactions of heavy ions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 3, 232 (1959)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[32]
R. W. Hasse, Approaches to nuclear friction, Rep. Prog. Phys. 41, 1027 (1978)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[33]
D. H. E. Gross and H. Kalinowski, Friction model of heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rep. 45, 175 (1978)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[34]
W. Nörenberg, Transport phenomena in multi-nucleon transfer reactions, Phys. Lett. B 52, 289 (1974)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[35]
J. Galin, D. Guerreau, M. Lefort, J. Peter, X. Tarrago, and R. Basile, Mechanism of single-nucleon and multinucleon transfer reactions in grazing collisions of heavy ions on silver, Nucl. Phys. A 159, 461 (1970)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[36]
A. G. Artukh, G. F. Gridnev, V. L. Mikheev, and V. V. Volkov, New isotopes 22O, 20N and 18C produced in transfer reactions with heavy ions, Nucl. Phys. A 137, 348 (1969)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[37]
A. G. Artukh, G. F. Gridnev, V. L. Mikheev, V. V. Volkov, and J. Wilczynski, Transfer reactions in the interaction of 40Ar with 232Th, Nucl. Phys. A 215, 91 (1973)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[38]
J. Wilczynski, Nuclear molecules and nuclear friction, Phys. Lett. B 47, 484 (1973)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[39]
B. Tamain, C. Ng, J. Pter, and F. Hanappe, Fission of medium and heavy nuclei induced by 40Ar from 160 to 300 MeV: Cross sections, Nucl. Phys. A 252, 187 (1975)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[40]
P. Auger, T. H. Chiang, J. Galin, B. Gatty, D. Guerreau, E. Nolte, J. Pouthas, X. Tarrago, and J. Girard, Observation of new nuclides 37Si, 40P and 41S, 42S produced in deeply inelastic reactions induced by 40Ar on 238U, Z. Phys. A 289, 255 (1979)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[41]
D. Guerrau, J. Galin, B. Gatty, X. Tarrago, J. Girard, R. Lucas, and C. Ngô, Seven new neutron rich nuclides observed in deep inelastic collisions of 340 MeV 40Ar on 238U, Z. Phys. A 295, 105 (1980)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[42]
H. Breuer, K. L. Wolf, B. G. Glagola, K. K. Kwiatkowski, A. C. Mignerey, V. E. Viola, W. W. Wilcke, W. U. Schrder, J. R. Huizenga, D. Hilscher, and J. Birkelund, Production of neutron-excess nuclei in 56Fe-induced reactions, Phys. Rev. C 22, 2454 (1980)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[43]
P. A. Söderström, J. Nyberg, P. H. Regan, A. Algora, G. de Angelis, et al., Spectroscopy of neutron-rich 168,170Dy: Yrast band evolution close to the NpNnvalence maximum, Phys. Rev. C 81, 034310 (2010)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[44]
H. Sophie, Multinucleon transfer reactions a pathway to new heavy and superheavy nuclei? Phys. Conf. Ser. 1014, 012005 (2018)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[45]
S. K. Allison, P. G. Murphy, and E. Norbeck, Mass of 13B from the nuclear reaction 7Li(7Li, p)13B, Phy. Rev. 102, 1182 (1956)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[46]
T. S. Bhatia, H. Hafner, R. Haupt, R. Maschuw, and G. J. Wagner, Masses of 62Fe and the new isotope 68Ni from (18O+20Ni) reactions, Z. Phys. A 281, 65 (1977)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[47]
P. Dessagne, M. Bernas, M. Langevin, G. C. Morrison, J. Payet, F. Pougheon, and P. Roussel, The complex transfer reaction (14C, 15O) on Ni, Zn and Ge targets: Existence and mass of 69Ni, Nucl. Phys. A 426, 399 (1984)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[48]
K. Zhao, J. S. Lilley, P. V. Drumm, D. D. Warner, R. A. Cunningham, and J. N. Mo, Production of 199Ir via exotic nucleon transfer reaction, Chin. Phys. Lett. 265 (1993)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[49]
L. Zhang, G. M. Jin, J. H. Zhao, W. F. Yang, Y. F. Yang, Z. Z. Zhao, J. W. Zheng, X. R. Sun, J. C. Wang, Z. W. Li, Z. Qin, G. H. Guo, Y. Luo, Z. Jan, and Z. Jingye, Observation of the new neutron-rich nuclide 208Hg, Phys. Rev. C 49, R592 (1994)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[50]
S. Yuan, W. Yang, W. Mou, X. Zhang, Z. Li, X. Yu, J. Gu, Y. Guo, Z. Gan, H. Liu, and J. Guo, A new isotope of protactinium: 239Pa, Z. Phys. A 352, 235 (1995)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[51]
L. Zhang, J. Zhao, J. Zheng, J. Wang, Z. Qin, Y. Yang, C. Zhang, G. Jin, G. Guo, Y. Du, T. Guo, T. Wang, B. Guo, J. Tian, and Y. Lou, Neutron-rich heavy residues and exotic multinucleon transfer, Phys. Rev. C 58, 156 (1998)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[52]
S. Yuan, W. Yang, Z. Li, J. He, T. Ma, K. Fang, S. Shen, Z. Gan, Q. Pan, Z. Chen, T. Guo, W. Mou, D. Su, Y. Xu, J. Guo, H. Liu, L. Shi, Z. Zhao, and H. Ma, Production and identification of a new heavy neutronrich isotope 186Hf, Phys. Rev. C 57, 1506 (1998)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[53]
J. He, W. Yang, S. Yuan, Y. Xu, Z. Li, T. Ma, B. Xiong, Z. Qin, W. Mou, Z. Gan, L. Shi, T. Guo, Z. Chen, and J. Guo, Synthesis and identification of a new heavy neutron-rich isotope 238Th, Phys. Rev. C 59, 520 (1999)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[54]
C. Bruske, K. H. Burkard, W. Hller, R. Kirchner, O. Klepper, and E. Roeckl, Status report on the gsi on-line mass separator facility, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 186, 61 (1981)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[55]
K. L. Gippert, E. Runte, W. D. Schmidt-Ott, P. Tidemand-Petersson, N. Kaffrell, et al., Decay studies of neutron-rich radium and actinium isotopes, including the new nuclides 232Ra and 232,234Ac, Nucl. Phys. A 453, 1 (1986)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[56]
R. M. Chasteler, J. M. Nitschke, R. B. Firestone, K. S. Vierinen, P. A. Wilmarth, and A. A. Shihab-Eldin, Identification of the neutron-rich isotope 174Er, Z. Phys. A 332, 239 (1989)
[57]
R. M. Chasteler, J. M. Nitschke, R. B. Firestone, K. S. Vierinen, and P. A. Wilmarth, Decay of the neutronrich isotope 171Ho and the identification of 169Dy, Phys. Rev. C 42, R1171 (1990)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[58]
L. Corradi, J. H. He, D. Ackermann, A. M. Stefanini, A. Pisent, et al., Multinucleon transfer reactions in 40Ca+124Sn, Phys. Rev. C 54, 201 (1996)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[59]
L. Corradi, Evidence of complex degrees of freedom in multinucleon transfer reactions of 48Ca+124Sn, Phys. Rev. C 56, 938 (1997)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[60]
A. M. Stefanini, L. Corradi, G. Maron, A. Pisent, M. Trotta, et al., The heavy-ion magnetic spectrometer prisma, Nucl. Phys. A 701, 217 (2002)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[61]
H. Savajols, Vamos: A variable mode high acceptance spectrometer, Nucl. Phys. A 654, 1027c (1999)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[62]
A. Cunsolo, F. Cappuzzello, A. Foti, A. Lazzaro, A. L. Melita, et al., Technique for 1st order design of a large-acceptance magnetic spectrometer, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res 481, 48 (2002)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[63]
L. Corradi, Heavy ion transfer reactions: Ongoing and future experiments performed with large acceptance magnetic spectrometers, EPJ Web Conf. 63, 02002 (2013)
[64]
L. Corradi, A. M. Vinodkumar, A. M. Stefanini, E. Fioretto, G. Prete, et al., Light and heavy transfer products in 58Ni+208Pb at the coulomb barrier, Phys. Rev. C 66, 024606 (2002)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[65]
S. Szilner, L. Corradi, G. Pollarolo, S. Beghini, B. R. Behera, et al., Multinucleon transfer processes in 40Ca+208 Pb, Phys. Rev. C 71, 044610 (2005)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[66]
D. Montanari, L. Corradi, S. Szilner, G. Pollarolo, E. Fioretto, et al., Neutron pair transfer in 60Ni+116 Sn far below the coulomb barrier, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 052501 (2014)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[67]
M. Evers, M. Dasgupta, D. J. Hinde, and C. Simenel, Multi-nucleon transfer in the reactions 16O, 32S+208Pb, EPJ Web Conf. 17 (2011)
[68]
R. Broda, C. T. Zhang, P. Kleinheinz, R. Menegazzo, K. H. Maier, H. Grawe, M. Schramm, R. Schubart, M. Lach, and S. Hofmann, Collisions between 106Cd and 54Fe at 30 MeV above the coulomb barrier by high resolution γγ coincidences, Phys. Rev. C 49, R575 (1994)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[69]
R. Broda, Spectroscopic studies with the use of deepinelastic heavy-ion reactions, J. Phys. G 32, R151 (2006)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[70]
C. H. Dasso, G. Pollarolo, and A. Winther, Systematics of isotope production with radioactive beams, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1907 (1994)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[71]
G. G. Adamian, N. V. Antonenko, and A. S. Zubov, Production of unknown transactinides in asymmetry-exitchannel quasifission reactions, Phys. Rev. C 71, 034603 (2005)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[72]
V. Zagrebaev and W. Greiner, Production of new heavy isotopes in low-energy multinucleon transfer reactions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 122701 (2008)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[73]
Z. Q. Feng, G. M. Jin, and J. Q. Li, Production of heavy isotopes in transfer reactions by collisions of 238U+238U, Phys. Rev. C 80, 067601 (2009)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[74]
G. G. Adamian, N. V. Antonenko, V. V. Sargsyan, and W. Scheid, Possibility of production of neutron-rich zn and ge isotopes in multinucleon transfer reactions at low energies, Phys. Rev. C 81, 024604 (2010)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[75]
G. G. Adamian, N. V. Antonenko, V. V. Sargsyan, and W. Scheid, Predicted yields of new neutron-rich isotopes of nuclei with z= 64–80 in the multinucleon transfer reaction 48Ca+238 U, Phys. Rev. C 81, 057602 (2010)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[76]
Y. X. Watanabe, Y. H. Kim, S. C. Jeong, Y. Hirayama, N. Imai, et al., Pathway for the production of neutronrich isotopes around the N= 126 shell closure, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 172503 (2015)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[77]
V. F. Comas, S. Heinz, S. Hofmann, D. Ackermann, J. A. Heredia, F. P. Heßberger, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, B. Lommel, and R. Mann, Study of multinucleon transfer reactions in 58;64Ni+207Pb collisions at the velocity filter ship, Eur. Phys. J. A 49, 1 (2013)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[78]
E. M. Kozulin, E. Vardaci, G. N. Knyazheva, A. A. Bogachev, S. N. Dmitriev, et al., Mass distributions of the system 136Xe+208Pb at laboratory energies around the coulomb barrier: A candidate reaction for the production of neutron-rich nuclei at N= 126, Phys. Rev. C 86, 044611 (2012)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[79]
J. V. Kratz, M. Schädel, and H. W. Gäggeler, Reexamining the heavy-ion reactions 238U+238U and 238U+248Cm and actinide production close to the barrier, Phys. Rev. C 88, 054615 (2013)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[80]
J. S. Barrett, W. Loveland, R. Yanez, S. Zhu, A. D. Ayangeakaa, et al., 136Xe+208 Pb reaction: A test of models of multinucleon transfer reactions, Phys. Rev. C 91, 064615 (2015)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[81]
A. Vogt, M. Siciliano, B. Birkenbach, P. Reiter, K. Hadyska-Klk, et al., High-spin structures in 132Xe and 133Xe and evidence for isomers along the N= 79 isotones, Phys. Rev. C 96, 024321 (2017)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[82]
E. M. Kozulin, V. I. Zagrebaev, G. N. Knyazheva, I. M. Itkis, K. V. Novikov, M. G. Itkis, S. N. Dmitriev, I. M. Harca, A. E. Bondarchenko, A. V. Karpov, V. V. Saiko, and E. Vardaci, Inverse quasifission in the reactions 156,160Gd+186W, Phys. Rev. C 96, 064621 (2017)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[83]
V. I. Zagrebaev, Y. T. Oganessian, M. G. Itkis, and W. Greiner, Superheavy nuclei and quasi-atoms produced in collisions of transuranium ions, Phys. Rev. C 73, 031602 (2006)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[84]
J. V. Kratz, W. Loveland, and K. J. Moody, Syntheses of transuranium isotopes with atomic numbers Z≤103 in multi-nucleon transfer reactions, Nucl. Phys. A 944, 117 (2015)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[85]
M. Schädel, Prospects of heavy and superheavy element production via inelastic nucleus-nucleus collisions from 238U+238U to 18O+254Es, EPJ Web Conf. 131, 04001 (2016)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[86]
A. Vogt, B. Birkenbach, P. Reiter, L. Corradi, T. Mijatović, et al., Light and heavy transfer products in 136Xe+238 U multinucleon transfer reactions, Phys. Rev. C 92, 024619 (2015)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[87]
H. M. Devaraja, S. Heinz, O. Beliuskina, V. Comas, S. Hofmann, et al., Observation of new neutron-deficient isotopes with Z≥92 in multinucleon transfer reactions, Phys. Lett. B 748, 199 (2015)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[88]
H. Gäggeler, W. Brüchle, M. Brügger, M. Schädel, K. Smmerer, et al., Production of cold target-like fragments in the reaction of 48Ca+248Cm, Phys. Rev. C 33, 1983 (1986)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[89]
N. V. Antonenko, E. A. Cherepanov, A. K. Nasirov, V. P. Permjakov, V. V. Volkov, Competition between complete fusion and quasi-fission in reactions between massive nuclei: The fusion barrier, Phys. Lett. B 319, 425 (1993)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[90]
G. G. Adamian, N. V. Antonenko, W. Scheid, Model of competition between fusion and quasifission in reactions with heavy nuclei, Nucl. Phys. A 618, 176 (1997)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[91]
Yu. E. Penionzhkevich, G. G. Adamian, N. V. Antonenko, Towards neutron drip line via transfer-type reactions, Phys. Lett. B 621, 119 (2005)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[92]
L. Zhu, J. Su, and P. W. Wen, Optimal incident energies for production of neutron-deficient actinide nuclei in the reaction 58Ni+238 U, Phys. Rev. C 95, 044608 (2017)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[93]
L. Zhu, Z. Q. Feng, and F. S. Zhang, Production of heavy neutron-rich nuclei in transfer reactions within the dinuclear system mode, J. Phys. G 42, 085102 (2015)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[94]
R. J. Charity, Systematic description of evaporation spectra for light and heavy compound nuclei, Phys. Rev. C 82, 014610 (2010)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[95]
L. Zhu, J. Su, W. J. Xie, and F. S. Zhang, Theoretical study on production of heavy neutron-rich isotopes around the N= 126 shell closure in radioactive beam induced transfer reactions, Phys. Lett. B 767, 437 (2017)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[96]
M. Schädel, et al., Actinide production in collisions of 238U with 248Cm, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 852 (1982)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[97]
L. Zhu, J. Su, W. J. Xie, and F. S. Zhang, Production of neutron-rich transcalifornium nuclei in 238U-induced transfer reactions, Phys. Rev. C 94, 054606 (2016)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[98]
L. Zhu, Theoretical study on production cross sections of exotic actinide nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions, Chin. Phys. C 41, 124102 (2017)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[99]
A. Winther, Grazing reactions in collisions between heavy nuclei, Nucl. Phys. A 572, 191 (1994)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[100]
A. Winther, Dissipation, polarization and fluctuation in grazing heavy-ion collisions and the boundary to the chaotic regime, Nucl. Phys. A 594, 203 (1995)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[101]
http://nrv.jinr.ru/nrv/webnrv/grazing/
[102]
[103]
P. W. Wen, C. Li, L. Zhu, C. J. Lin, and F. S. Zhang, Mechanism of multinucleon transfer reaction based on the GRAZING model and DNS model, J. Phys. G 44, 115101 (2017)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[104]
J. Aichelin, “Quantum” molecular dynamics-a dynamical microscopic n-body approach to investigate fragment formation and the nuclear equation of state in heavy ion collisions, Phys. Rep. 202, 233 (1991)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[105]
N. Wang, Z. X. Li, and X. Z. Wu, Improved quantum molecular dynamics model and its applications to fusion reaction near barrier, Phys. Rev. C 65, 064608 (2002)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[106]
C. Li, J. L. Tian, L. Ou, and N. Wang, Finite-size effects on fragmentation in heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rev. C 87, 064615 (2013)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[107]
C. Li, F. Zhang, J. J. Li, L. Zhu, J. L. Tian, N. Wang, and F. S. Zhang, Multinucleon transfer in the 136Xe+ 208Pb reaction, Phys. Rev. C 93, 014618 (2016)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[108]
C. Li, P. W. Wen, J. J. Li, G. Zhang, B. Li, X. X. Xu, Z. Liu, S. F. Zhu, and F. S. Zhang, Production mechanism of new neutron-rich heavy nuclei in the 136Xe+198 Pt reaction, Phys. Lett. B 776, 278 (2018)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[109]
L. Zhu, F. S. Zhang, P. W. Wen, J. Su, and W. J. Xie, Production of neutron-rich nuclei with Z= 60–73 in reactions induced by Xe isotopes, Phys. Rev. C 96, 024606 (2017)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[110]
G. Zhang, C. Li, P. W. Wen, J. J. Li, X. X. Xu, B. Li, Z. Liu, and F. S. Zhang, Production of neutron-rich 209–212Pt isotopes based on a dinuclear system model, Phys. Rev. C 98, 014603 (2018)
CrossRef ADS Google scholar

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2018 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
AI Summary AI Mindmap
PDF(4989 KB)

Accesses

Citations

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/