# Frontiers in Energy

 Front. Energy    2018, Vol. 12 Issue (4) : 591-622     https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-018-0567-x
 REVIEW ARTICLE |
State-of-art review of the optimization methods to design the configuration of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs)
Maurizio FACCIO1, Mauro GAMBERI2, Marco BORTOLINI2, Mojtaba NEDAEI1()
1. Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padua, Stradella, San Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
2. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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 Abstract The current research aims to present an inclusive review of latest research works performed with the aim of improving the efficiency of the hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) by employing diverse ranges of the optimization techniques, which aid the designers to achieve the minimum expected total cost, while satisfying the power demand and the reliability. For this purpose, a detailed analysis of the different classification drivers considering the design factors such as the optimization goals, utilized optimization methods, grid type as well as the investigated technology has been conducted. Initial results have indicated that among all optimization goals, load demand parameters including loss of power supply probability (LPSP) and loss of load probability (LLP), cost, sizing (configuration), energy production, and environmental emissions are the most frequent design variables which have been cited the most. Another result of this paper indicates that almost 70% of the research projects have been dedicated towards the optimization of the off-grid applications of the HRESs. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that, integration of the PV, wind and battery is the most frequent configuration. In the next stage of the paper, a review concerning the sizing methods is also carried out to outline the most common techniques which are used to configure the components of the HRESs. In this regard, an analysis covering the optimized indicators such as the cost drivers, energy index parameters, load indicators, battery’s state of charge, PV generator area, design parameters such as the LPSP, and the wind power generation to load ratio, is also performed. Corresponding Authors: Mojtaba NEDAEI Just Accepted Date: 03 May 2018   Online First Date: 11 June 2018    Issue Date: 21 December 2018
 Cite this article: Maurizio FACCIO,Mauro GAMBERI,Marco BORTOLINI, et al. State-of-art review of the optimization methods to design the configuration of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs)[J]. Front. Energy, 2018, 12(4): 591-622. URL: http://journal.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-018-0567-x http://journal.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2018/V12/I4/591
 Tab.1  General advantages and disadvantages of the HRESs as demonstrated by previous research Tab.2  Classification of the HRESs on the basis of their size Tab.3  Categorization of the extracted research papers in terms of the source type Fig.1  The contribution of each scientific journal in the advancements of the design and optimization of the HRESs based on current survey report from 2010 till 2017 Tab.4  A comprehensive review of the classifications drivers for the design of the HRESs Fig.5  The optimization and design process of the HRES by considering different classification drivers Fig.6  Frequency of the common optimization goals Tab.5  Classification of the sizing methods, which are used in the design and optimization the HRESs Fig.8  Contribution of the commonly used algorithms and methods Fig.9  The contribution of different HRESs configurations Fig.10  The I-V characteristics of a typical solar PV array [98] Fig.11  A typical PCU system for utilization in the configuration of the hybrid power system Tab.6  The latest MPPT methods and their characteristics Fig.12  The series and parallel configuration of batteries in the circuit