Engineered stem cells and exosomes: novel atherosclerosis therapy

Abstract

Atherosclerosis remains a major global health challenge with limited therapeutic options for plaque regression. Stem cell therapy and stem cell-derived exosomes represent promising novel strategies for treating this disease. Different types of stem cells demonstrate therapeutic effects by modulating lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation, and improving endothelial function. However, challenges such as poor targeting, low maintenance times, and immunogenicity limit their clinical application. Recent advances focus on engineering these cells and their exosomes to overcome these barriers. Strategies include genetic modification, surface functionalization for targeted delivery, and hybrid nanoparticle design. Engineered exosomes also serve as efficient drug carriers for precise therapy. While clinical trials show potential, further validation of long-term efficacy and safety is needed. Integrating bioengineering with regenerative technology offers a new approach for atherosclerosis treatment.

Keywords

Atherosclerosis / engineered stem cells / exosomes / immunomodulation / targeted delivery / regenerative medicine

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