Multi-functional platelets: translating biological functions into therapeutic applications

Abstract

Platelets, produced by megakaryocytes, extend far beyond their traditional roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. Emerging studies indicate that they actively participate in multiple physiological and pathological processes through diverse activities, such as modulating immune responses, facilitating tissue regeneration, and contributing to the remodeling of disease-associated microenvironments. This review systematically summarizes the biological basis of platelets (including generation, activation, release and aging) and analyzes their interaction with hemostasis, inflammation, and injured tissues, providing the foundation for advanced therapy. Building on this foundation, we focus on two dimensions and summarize the advanced progress: (1) Platelet targeting therapeutic strategies, including precise intervention in anti-tumor therapy (inhibiting metastasis and immune evasion), cardiovascular diseases (modulating thrombosis and vascular stenosis), and emergency hemostasis (enhancing coagulation efficiency); (2) Engineering construction and targeted delivery using platelet and the derivatives (e.g., platelet-rich plasma, extracellular vesicles, membranes, and platelet-mimicking materials), which leverage their intrinsic bioactivity and multi-targeting capabilities. By bridging platelet biology to therapeutic innovation, this review serves as a framework for understanding disease mechanisms and developing next-generation targeted therapies.

Keywords

Platelets / biological functions / therapeutic applications / multifunction

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