Research progress on electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of cardiovascular biomarkers

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, placing a substantial burden on public health and socioeconomic development. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for reducing CVDs mortality and optimizing individualized treatment strategies. Although conventional detection methods, such as enzymatic analysis and immunoassays, have reached a relative level of maturity in clinical applications, they are still constrained by high costs, complex procedures, and limited real-time capabilities. In recent years, electrochemical immunosensors have shown significant potential for detecting CVD-related biomarkers, owing to their advantages of high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, rapid response, and portability. In this review, we explore the latest advancements in electrochemical immunosensors for CVDs research, analyze innovative designs and fabrication techniques for various sensor types, and summarize their applications in detecting CVD-related biomarkers.

Keywords

Label-free electrochemical immunosensors / labeled electrochemical immunosensors / cardiovascular diseases / disease biomarkers / point-of-care testing

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