The endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction in hypertension: the diagnostic and predictive values

Abstract

Hypertension remains a leading risk factor of cardiovascular (CV) events and disease in the general population. The prevalence of hypertension is present in developed and developing countries and according to various assessments may fluctuate between 30% to 90% with considerable regional differences. Hypertension influences CV risk and mortality rate through target organ damages that affect vasculature particularly endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction is an independent risk factor of CV complications. Recent studies have shown that a decreased number and altered function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may be a powerful marker of endothelial dysfunction with possible predictive value. The aim of this review is to update the current evidence of the role of endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction in impaired vascular reparation and CV risk in hypertension. The review discusses the interrelation between EPC dysfunction and traditional CV risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, prediabetes/diabetes mellitus. It has been speculated that EPC dysfunction could appear prior to hypertension and represents an appropriate hypertensive phenotype with exaggerated CV risk. However, the predictive value of EPC dysfunction in hypertensive patients is not established and requires to be investigated in large clinical controlled trials.

Keywords

Hypertension / endothelial dysfunction / endothelial progenitor cells / vascular reparation / biomarkers

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