Dhaka city is experiencing tremendous growth in traffic. Until recently, the city’s demand for traffic was entirely served by public buses, a mix of motorized and non-motorized paratransit, and private personalized transport. The first ever rail-based metro, mass rapid transit (MRT), namely MRT Line 6, was partially inaugurated on 28 December 2022. Authority expects that there will be visible modal shift. However, MRT systems in many Asian and European countries are attracting much lower private motorists than what is expected. Moreover, in Dhaka, a unique mix in road-based transport with public transit and varieties of paratransit and private personalized vehicles intensifies the uncertainties involved in modal shift. Therefore, based on a field survey done before four (04) months of the partial inauguration of MRT Line 6, this study intends to explore the modal shift potentials of different mode users to a completely new mode and the modal choice factors. The analysis of the results finds overall, 75% of all mode users are willing to shift, while para and public transit users are comparatively more willing than private personalized vehicle users. However, such willingness comes up with one or more conditions: comfort, reasonable fare, reduced total travel time, less crowd, etc. The study finds that affordability, availability, and accessibility factors have an influence on their modal shift behavior. Also, results from binary logistic model identify significant impact of several sociodemographic, trip- and accessibility-related factors influencing modal shift choice. Findings from this study explain the optimism regarding MRT by different mode users and inform the decision-makers about their course of actions including different interventions, strict and carrot approaches to hold on to the potential shifters and attract more.
A comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted ramifications of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on transit ridership is imperative for the optimization of judicious traffic management policies. The intricate influences of this pandemic exhibit a high degree of complexity, dynamically evolving across spatial and temporal dimensions. At present, a nuanced understanding remains elusive regarding whether disparate influencing factors govern inbound and outbound passenger flows. This study propels the discourse forward by introducing a methodological synthesis that integrates time series anomaly detection, impact inference, and spatiotemporal analysis. This amalgamation establishes an analytical framework instrumental in elucidating the spatiotemporal heterogeneity intrinsic to individual impact events, grounded in extensive time series data. The resulting framework facilitates a nuanced delineation, affording a more precise extraction of the COVID-19 impact on subway ridership. Empirical findings derived from the daily trip data of the Beijing subway in 2020 substantiate the existence of conspicuous spatiotemporal variability in the determinants influencing relative shifts in inbound and outbound ridership. Notably, stations situated in high-risk areas manifest a conspicuous absence of correlation with outbound trips, exhibiting a discernibly negative impact solely on inbound trips. Conversely, stations servicing residential and enterprise locales demonstrate resilience, evincing an absence of significant perturbation induced by the outbreak.
Time reliability (TR) is a critical factor that affects the efficiency and service quality of the urban rail transit network (URTN). However, previous studies have not incorporated TR into the evaluation of URTN station importance, focusing instead on basic centrality measures. Therefore, this paper proposes a new metric of station-based TR for evaluating and ranking URTN station importance. The new metric in combination with traditional centrality measures was used by the weighted Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (weighted TOPSIS) to identify the combined significance level of individual URTN station importance and rank them accordingly. To investigate the performance of this method, we exploit deliberate attacks on the top-ranked stations through different methods. A case study of Beijing’s URTN during the morning peak hour showed that the proposed method is generally a better indicator for identifying station importance in maintaining network connectivity. The case study also demonstrated the feasibility and validity of the model. This study can provide recommendations for the planning and operation of rail transit systems and can inform the effective design of station protection strategies.
The transit-oriented development (TOD) concept has become a significant catalyst for urban development in China, which has undergone rapid urbanization and has actively participated in the development of public transportation networks over the past 20 years. TOD not only guides the transformation of transportation modes but also leads the development of urban spaces. The extensive construction of urban rail transit in China highlights the universal patterns of TOD and reflects the uniqueness of Chinese practices. This paper analyzes the characteristics of urban development and TOD in developed countries, summarizing the common laws driving TOD in theoretical research. It then compares China, which is in a period of rapid rail transit construction, to identify the unique developmental laws of transit-oriented development of rail transit in China (TOD-RTC). The paper further examines the developmental characteristics of TOD-RTC in practice, considering both temporal and spatial aspects, and explores the reasons behind the formation of individual differences in TOD-RTC. Finally, it discusses the new value and potential that TOD brings to urban development, along with predicting future development trends.
Dynamic stress is one of the key indicators reflecting the fatigue characteristics of metro bogie frames. Considering the test costs, operation safety, and other factors, it is impossible to record all the dynamic stress data for the whole service period in the tracking test. Therefore, the overall stress spectrum is statistically deduced based on limited dynamic stress data samples, which can not only provide a basis for the fatigue reliability research of the bogie frame, but also save costs. In this paper, the typical fatigue control points in different areas of the frame with large equivalent stress are selected for research. The daily measured stress spectrum samples are obtained through the rainflow counting method, and the statistical stress spectrum is then compiled. Weibull distribution fitting of the stress spectrum is carried out to obtain the scale and shape parameter samples for different fatigue control parts. After sampling of the obtained parameter samples and conducting variance homogeneity tests as well as t-tests, the minimum sample size representing the overall distribution of the interval is obtained. Therefore, the shortest tracking test period reflecting the overall stress distribution of typical fatigue control parts can be obtained.
To maximize the use of urban land, many cities have built buildings above metro depots. However, the low-frequency vibration caused by metro operation affects the lives of surrounding residents, which seriously restricts the further development of over-track buildings. To study this problem, Firstly, the vibration of the metro depot and surrounding sensitive areas are tested on a large actual metro depot in Southwest China, and the rail, sleeper/support column, bearing column, and cover plate are mainly tested. Then, considering nonlinear factors such as mechanical properties of building materials, soil layering characteristics, and artificial viscoelastic boundary, the numerical coupled model of the train-track-depot-building is established, and the simulation data are compared with the test data to verify the accuracy of the numerical model. Finally, the impact of metro operation on the over-track buildings is evaluated. Results show that for the over-track buildings concerned in this paper, the floor vibration near the rail is the strongest, the main vibration frequency of the office building is concentrated in 10–20 Hz, and the maximum Z vibration level (VLzmax) of the office building is 52.02 dB. The main vibration frequency of the residential building is similar to that of the office building, and the superposition of floor vibration energy causes the vibration of the mid-span point to be larger than the vibration of the corner point and the side wall point. The vibration wave of lower floors mainly propagates through the bearing column, and the vibration of the parking garage is larger than other buildings. The research results can provide a reference for the vibration control and design of over-track buildings above the metro depot.
To investigate the concrete damage of prefabricated steel spring floating slab tracks (SSFST), a three-slab prefabricated SSFST system was established using the ABAQUS finite element software. Full trainload conditions and fatigue load conditions of a train passage were successively applied to the system. Plastic damage and fatigue damage of the floating slab were simulated based on concrete damage plasticity theory and model code, respectively. For comparison, a simulation of the fatigue experiment was conducted. Parametric analyses of the concrete strength and isolator stiffness were also performed. The results show that the maximum positive and negative bending moments of the floating slab throughout the loading stage are close in value. The positive bending moment causes stress concentration on the top slab surface which leads to plastic damage and low-cycle fatigue damage, while the negative bending moment causes middle-level elastic tensile stress on the bottom slab surface which leads to high-cycle fatigue damage. Under experimental conditions, damage on the bottom surface is much more severe, while the upper part is undamaged. Improving the concrete strength can reduce both kinds of damage, while increasing the isolator stiffness can only mitigate the high-cycle fatigue damage. Accordingly, recommendations are provided for improving fatigue experiments and structural design of prefabricated floating slabs.This study can inform the design and maintenance of the prefabricated SSFST system, ultimately enhancing their safety and longevity.