Numerical Study of Train-induced Pressure on Platform Screen Doors of a Subway Station

Abstract

We numerically investigate the train-induced transient pressure on the platform screen doors (PSDs) of an island-type platform in a subway station according to real scenarios and full-scale simulation to enhance understanding of the design and safe operation of subway trains. Two typical cases, namely, the non-stop and chasing cases, were examined, with the train’s speed variation well simulated throughout both cases. In the non-stop case, a train passes through the station without stopping; in the chasing case, a train stops at the station while another subsequent train approaches through the tunnel, which inevitably happens during rush hours. It is observed that the train generates a compression wave when it passes the tunnel’s ventilation shaft, similar to what occurs when entering a tunnel. In the non-stop case, the PSDs experience two positive and one negative pressure extremes in the whole process. The first positive peak results from an oncoming compression wave through the tunnel, while the second positive and negative peaks arise due to the passing of the train head and tail, respectively. In the chasing case, the stopped train at the platform leads to a blockage effect that significantly increases the pressure on the PSDs via the oncoming compression wave. This lateral pressure may result in the failure of proper operation of the PSDs, particularly during rush hours, with pressure lasting for roughly 5.7 seconds. It is also found that, compared to the fully sealed PSD, both the half-height and partial porous PSDs can significantly reduce the pressure load caused by the passing of the train head, with its maximum pressure load reduced by 38.7% and 38.2%, respectively. Therefore, if the pressure load on a fully sealed PSD is too high for structural design, one may consider the use of half-height and partial porous PSDs as an alternative. Our study offers crucial insights into the train-induced transient pressure on PSDs in a subway station island-type platform. It provides guidance on optimizing the pressure/operation problem on PSDs and offers valuable information for the safe design and operation of subway trains.

Keywords

Subway station / Platform screen door (PSD) / Pressure wave / Pressure load / Moving mesh technique

References

[1] Qu L, Chow WK. Platform screen doors on emergency evacuation in underground railway stations. Tunn Undergr Spa Technol, 2012, 30: 1-9.

[2] Wang XY. Numerical analysis on aerodynamic behavior of high-speed trains in the tunnel and open air based on the virtual reality technique. J Vibroeng, 2017, 20(2): 1144-1160.

[3] Zhou YL, Wang HL, Bi YL, Wang J. Experimental and numerical study of aerodynamic pressures on platform screen doors at the overtaking station of a high-speed subway. Build Environ, 2021, 191: 107582

[4] Chen HH. Mechanism design and mechanics model of the station screen doors for subways. J South China Univ Tech, 2004, 32(2): 74-77 (in Chinese)

[5] Han EW. Switch fault of platform screen door caused by train piston wind pressure in Xi’an metro and improvements. Urban Mass Transit, 2018, 191: 148-151 (in Chinese)

[6] Zeng LW, Wang HF, Li LQ, Guo W, Yi FM. Experimental study of train-induced pressure acting on the platform screen doors in subway station. Tunn Undergr Spa Technol, 2021, 117: 104150

[7] Chun LJ, Chiang YC, Ting CC, Ma RH, Chen SL. Pressure analysis of platform screen door subjected to a moving train in mass rapid transport underground station. J Mech, 2004, 20(2): 159-166.

[8] Du JM, Fang Q, Wang G, Zhang DL, Chen TL. Fatigue damage and residual life of secondary lining of high-speed railway tunnel under aerodynamic pressure wave. Tunn Undergr Space Technol, 2021, 111: 103851

[9] Kim JY, Kim KY. Experimental and numerical analyses of train-induced unsteady tunnel flow in subway. Tunn Undergr Spa Technol, 2007, 22(2): 166-172.

[10] Liu TH, Chen ZW, Chen XD, Xie TZ, Zhang J. Transient loads and their influence on the dynamic responses of trains in a tunnel. Tunn Undergr Spa Technol, 2017, 66: 121-133.

[11] Liu TH, Chen XD, Li WH, Xie TZ, Chen ZW. Field study on the interior pressure varia-tions in high-speed trains passing through tunnels of different lengths. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod, 2017, 169: 54-66.

[12] Baron A, Molteni P, Vigevano L. High-speed trains: prediction of micro-pressure wave radiation from tunnel portals. J Sound Vib, 2006, 296(1–2): 59-72.

[13] Yuan H, Zhou D, Shuang M. Study of the unsteady aerodynamic performance of an inter-city train passing through a station in a tunnel. Tunn Undergr Spa Technol, 2019, 86: 1-9.

[14] Raghunathan RS, Kim HD, Setoguchi T. Aerodynamics of high-speed railway train. Prog Aerosp Sci, 2002, 38(6): 469-514.

[15] Zhang G, Kim TH, Kim DH, Kim HD. Prediction of micro-pressure waves generated at the exit of a model train tunnel. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod, 2018, 183: 127-139.

[16] Matsuo K, Aoki T. Wave problems in high-speed railway tunnels Shock Waves, 1992, Berlin: Springer

[17] Ricco P, Baron A, Molteni P. Nature of pressure waves induced by a high-speed train travelling through a tunnel. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod, 2007, 95: 781-808.

[18] Mei YG. A generalized numerical simulation method for pressure waves generated by high-speed trains passing through tunnels. Adv Struct Eng, 2013, 16(8): 1427-1436.

[19] Meng S, Zhou D, Wang Z. Moving model analysis on the transient pressure and slipstream caused by a metro train passing through a tunnel. PLoS ONE, 2019, 14(9): e0222151

[20] Luo JJ. Study on the aerodynamic characteristics of tunnel and metro station with PSD during high-speed train passing tunnel. Int J Signal Process, 2016, 9(6): 379-392.

[21] Kim JY. Field experiment of train-induced wind pressure on station screen door at subway station. Int J Air-Cond Refrigeration, 2010, 18(04): 309-316.

[22] Zhou D, Tian HQ, Zhang J, Yang MZ. Pressure transients induced by a high-speed train passing through a station. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod, 2014, 135: 1-9.

[23] Liang XF, Chen G, Li XB, Zhou D. Numerical simulation of pressure transients caused by high-speed train passage through a railway station. Build Environ, 2020, 184: 107228

[24] Huang YD, Gao W, Kim CN. A numerical study of the train-induced unsteady airflow in a subway tunnel with natural ventilation ducts using the dynamic layering method. J Hydrodyn Ser B, 2010, 22: 164-172.

[25] Shin CH, Park WG. Numerical study of flow characteristics of the high speed train entering into a tunnel. Mech Res Commun, 2003, 30: 287-296.

[26] Choi JK, Kim KH. Effects of nose shape and tunnel cross-sectional area on aerodynamic drag of train traveling in tunnels. Tunn Undergr Spa Technol, 2014, 41: 62-73.

[27] Kim TK, Kim KH, Kwon HB. Aerodynamic characteristics of a tube train. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod, 2011, 99: 1187-1196.

[28] Juraeva M, Ryu KJ, Jeong SH, Song DJ. A computational analysis of the airflow in a twin-track subway tunnel with a sliding-curtain to improve ventilation performance. J Mech Sci Technol, 2013, 27(8): 2359-2365.

[29] Yang WC, Peng LM, Wang LC (2009) Computation simulation on aerodynamic characteristic of PSD in subway station. In: International conference on computer engineering & technique. IEEE Computer Society

[30] Liu TH, Jiang ZH, Li WH, Guo ZJ, Chen XD, Chen ZW, Krajnovic S. Differences in aerodynamic effects when trains with different marshalling forms and lengths enter a tunnel. Tunn Undergr Spa Technol, 2019, 84: 70-81.

[31] Liu TH, Tian HQ, Liang XF. Design and optimization of tunnel hoods. Tunn Undergr Spa Technol, 2010, 25(3): 212-219.

[32] Ogawa T, Fujii K. Numerical investigation of three-dimensional compressible flows induced by a train moving into a tunnel. Comput Fluids, 1997, 1: 565-585.

[33] Niu JQ, Zhou D, Liang XY, Liu TH, Liu S. Numerical study on the aerodynamic pressure of a metro train running between two adjacent platforms. Tunn Undergr Spa Technol, 2017, 65: 187-199.

[34] Chen Z, Liu T, Zhou X, Niu J. Impact of ambient wind on aerodynamic per-formance when two trains intersect inside a tunnel. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod, 2017, 169: 139-155.

[35] Jiang ZH, Liu TH, Chen XD, Li WH, Guo ZJ, Niu JQ. Numerical prediction of the slipstream caused by the trains with different marshalling forms entering a tunnel. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod, 2019, 189: 276-288.

[36] Li WH, Liu TH, Chen ZW, Guo ZJ, Huo XS. Comparative study on the unsteady slipstream induced by a single train and two trains passing each other in a tunnel. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod, 2020, 198: 104095

[37] Cross D, Hughes B, Ingham D, Ingham D, Ma L. A validated numerical investigation of the effects of high blockage ratio and train and tunnel length upon underground railway aerodynamics. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod, 2015, 146: 195-206.

[38] Gilbert T, Baker CJ, Quinn A. Gusts caused by high-speed trains in confined spaces and tunnels. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod, 2013, 121: 39-48.

[39] Wang F, Liu F, Han JQ, Jin HP, Weng MC, Zeng Z. Study on the train-induced unsteady airflow in a metro tunnel with multi-trains. Tunn Undergr Spa Technol, 2020, 106: 103565

[40] Kim JY, Kim KY. Effects of vent shaft location on the ventilation performance in a subway tunnel. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod, 2009, 97: 174-179.

[41] Xiang XT, Xue LP, Wang BL, Zou W. Mechanism and capability of ventilation openings for alleviating micro-pressure waves emitted from high-speed railway tunnels. Build Environ, 2018, 132: 245-254.

[42] Huang S, Che ZX, Li ZW, Jiang YN, Wang ZG. Influence of tunnel cross-sectional shape on surface pressure change induced by passing metro trains. Tunn Undergr Space Technol, 2020, 106: 103611

[43] Yuan FD, You SJ. CFD simulation and optimization of the ventilation for subway side-station. Tunn Undergr Spa Technol, 2007, 22: 474-482.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China(52078505)