Computation of Energy Absorption and Residual Voltage in a Fourth Rail LRT Station Arresters in EMTP-RV: A Comparative Study

Abstract

This paper presents a study on the performance of a fourth rail direct current (DC) urban transit affected by an indirect lightning strike. The indirect lightning strike was replicated and represented by a lightning-induced overvoltage by means of the Rusck model, with the sum of two Heidler functions as its lightning channel base current input, on a perfect conducting ground. This study aims to determine whether an indirect lightning strike has any influence with regard to the performance of the LRT Kelana Jaya line, a fourth rail DC urban transit station arrester. The simulations were carried out using the Electromagnetic Transients Program–Restructured Version (EMTP–RV), which includes the comparison performance results between the 3EB4-010 arrester and PDTA09 arrester when induced by a 90 kA (9/200 µs). The results demonstrated that the PDTA09 arrester showed better coordination with the insulated rail bracket of the fourth rail. It allowed a lower residual voltage and a more dynamic response, eventually resulting in better voltage gradient in the pre-breakdown region and decreased residual voltage ratio in the high current region.

Keywords

DC transit / Electromagnetic Transients Program–Restructured Version / Fourth rail / Indirect lightning / Lightning-induced overvoltage / Surge arrester

References

[1] Siemens Industry Inc Insulation Coordination Studies-Selection of Insulation Strength for System Equipment, 2014, Germany: Erlangen

[2] Woodworth J “Insulation Coordination FAQ,” Arrester Works, 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.arresterworks.com/services/insulation_studies.php. [Accessed: 17-Nov-2019].

[3] Shahan Z “History of Wind Turbines,” Renewable Energy World, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/2014/11/21/history-of-wind-turbines/#gref. [Accessed: 23-Nov-2019].

[4] Energy Matters Webmaster “Solar Panel Brief History and Overview,” Energy Matters, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.energymatters.com.au/panels-modules/. [Accessed: 23-Nov-2019].

[5] UITP (2018) “World Metro Figures 2018,” Brussels, Belgium.

[6] Li B, Qi R, Du Y, and Chen M (2018) “Lightning surge analysis in light rail transit using the FDTD method.” 34th Int Conf Light Prot ICLP 2018(152100): 1–6

[7] Charalambous CA, Cotton I, Aylott P. A simulation tool to predict the impact of soil topologies on coupling between a light rail system and buried third-party infrastructure. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2008, 57(3): 1404-1416

[8] Fichera F, Mariscotti A, and Ogunsola A (2013) “Evaluating stray current from DC electrified transit systems with lumped parameter and multi-layer soil models.” In IEEE EuroCon 2013: 1187–1192.

[9] Rahman FAA, Kadir MZAA, Osman M, Amirulddin UAU. Review of the AC overhead wires, the DC third rail and the DC fourth rail transit lines: Issues and challenges. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 1-1

[10] Team Railway Technology, “DEHN Protects the Railway Infrastructure,” DEHN SE + Co KG. [Online]. Available: https://www.dehn-international.com/en/dehn-protects-railway-technology. [Accessed: 03-Sep-2019].

[11] Morita G et al. (2016) “Experimental study on new type earth mesh in railway substations aimed at lightning protection.” In 2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection, ICLP 1–6.

[12] Hayashiya H, Koguchi N, Yamamoto H, Ozaki T, Sakurai T and Inoue R (2012) “Improvement of grounding system of DC traction substation in railway power supply system: Advansed attempts of East Japan Railway Company.” 31st Int Conf Light Prot ICLP, 1–6

[13] Wanjari PAV. Effect of Lightning on the Electrified Transmission Railway System. Int J Adv Res Electr Electron Instrum Eng, 2014, 3(7): 10663-10671.

[14] Rousseau A, Rougier G, Aragones A. “Improved tramway surge protection”. 34th Int Conf Light Prot ICLP, 2018, 2018: 1-7.

[15] Zhou Q and Du Y (2006) “Analysis of Lightning Transients in a DC traction power system of electrified railway using EMTP.”4: 1831–1835

[16] Polimac V, Jhutty A and Fraser M (1999) “Application of HV Insulation Coordination Techniques to DC Railway Systems.” In High Voltage Engineering Symposium, 2.372-2.376.

[17] Zoro R, Pakki RR, and Komar R (2017) “Lightning protection for electric railway in Indonesia telecommunication and signalling system.” Int Conf High Volt Eng Power Syst ICHVEPS 2017-Janua: 476–478

[18] Hayashiya H “Proposal of lightning risk assessment method based on the lightning current probability function for railway power supply system”. 30th Int Conf Light Prot ICLP, 2010, 2010: 1-6.

[19] Hanekom A “Session Eleven: Lightning Protection of Rail and Related Industries The rail environment.” In Earthing, Lightning & Surge Protection Conference–IDC Technologies, 1–5.

[20] Frey S. Railway Electrification Systems & Engineering, First, 2012, Delhi, India: White Word Publications

[21] Konsortium CMC-COLAS-Uniway, “Kelana jaya line extension project: Power supply overall traction system description,” 2019.

[22] Railway Technology Webmaster, “Railway Technology Kuala Lumpur,” 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/kuala-lumpur-driverless-metro/. [Accessed: 24-Oct-2019].

[23] Masirin MIM, Salin AM, Zainorabidin A, Martin D, Samsuddin N. Review on Malaysian Rail Transit Operation and Management System: Issues and Solution in Integration. IOP Conf Series: Mater Sci Eng, 2017, 226(1): 1-8.

[24] Citizen Journalist Malaysia (2010)“Putra LRT subway service delayed after lightning,” Citizen Journalist Malaysia

[25] Joibi N “LRT service breaks down during peak hour.” The Star, 11-Feb-2013.

[26] Wang Y-J, Wang J-H. Modeling of Frequency-Dependent Impedance of the Third Rail Used in Traction Power Systems. IEEE Trans Power Deliv, 2000, 15(2): 750-755

[27] Grebovic S. Energy Stresses of Transmission Line Surge Arresters Due to Lightning Discharges, 2016, Graz: Graz University of Technology

[28] Synthane Taylor, “Cast Epoxy Insulators,” Synthane Taylor, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://www.synthanetaylor.com/cast-epoxy-insulators/. [Accessed: 29-Jul-2020].

[29] Delfino F, Procopio R, Rossi M. A field-to-line coupling model for overvoltage analysis in light-rail transit DC traction power systems. IEEE Trans Power Deliv, 2006, 21(1): 270-277

[30] Cooray V. An Introduction to Lightning, 2015 1 Uppsala, Sweden: Springers

[31] IEEE Power Engineering Society (1997) IEEE Std 1243-1997: IEEE Guide for Improving the Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines

[32] Whitehead JT et al. (1993) “IEEE Working Group Report Estimating Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines II-Updates to Analytical Models.”

[33] The Lightning Performance of Overhead Lines Working Group for IEEE and 1410 (2011) IEEE STD 1410-2010: Guide for Improving the Lightning Performance of Electric Power Overhead Distribution Lines 2010

[34] Zawani N, Faizuhar M. Modelling of 132kV overhead transmission lines by using ATP/EMTP for shielding failure pattern recognition. Procedia Eng, 2013, 53: 278-287

[35] Hileman AR (2001) Insulation Coordination for Power Systems 17(2)

[36] Abu Bakar H (2015) “Fast Transient Simulation of IEEE Recommended Surge Arrester Model on a Transmission Line Using Alternative Transient Program (ATP),” Universiti Tun Hussien Onn, Malaysia

[37] Muhamad Y (2015) “Fast Transient Simulation of Pinceti Surge Arrester Model on a Transmission Line Using ATP Software,” Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

[38] Acer Voltage Ltd., “Surge Arresters Overvoltage Limiters,” Hradec Kralove, Czech Reoublic.

[39] Hsiao S (2012) “Simulation and Analysis of Metal-Oxide Surge Block Arrester Dynamic Characteristics,” J Chinese Inst Eng 2013, 1–11

[40] Djalel D, Ali H, Fayçal C. The return-stroke of lightning current, source of electromagnetic fields (study, analysis and modelling). Am J Appl Sci, 2007, 4(1): 42-48

[41] Vujević S, Lovrić D. Exponential approximation of the heidler function For the reproduction of lightning current wave shapes. Electr Power Syst Res, 2010, 80(10): 1293-1298

[42] Lovrić D, Vujević S, Modrić T. On the estimation of heidler function parameters for reproduction of various standardized and recorded lightning current wave shapes. Int Trans Electr Energy Syst, 2013, 23(2): 290-300

[43] Diendorfer G, Uman MA. An improved return stroke model with specified channel-base current. J Geophys Res, 1990, 95(D9): 13621-13644

[44] Heidler F, Cvetić J. A class of analytical functions to study the lightning effects associated with the current front. Eur Trans Electr Power, 2002, 12(2): 141-150

[45] Terespolsky BR. An Approximation to the Heidler Function with an Analytical Integral for Engineering Applications Using Lightning Currents, 2015, Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand

[46] Wooi CL, Abul-Malek Z, Hafizi Rohani MNK, Bin Yusof AM, Arshad SNM, Elga ar AI. Comparison of lightning return stroke channel-base current models with measured lightning current. Bull Electr Eng Informatics, 2019, 8(4): 1478-1488.

[47] Mottola F (2007) “Methods and Techniques for the Evaluation of Lightning Induced Overvoltages on Power Lines. Application To Mv Distribution Systems for Improving the Quality of Power Supply.” 158

[48] Praneeth KN, Chandrasekaran K, Kumar S, and Punekar GS, “Estimation of Steep Fronted and Full Wave Lightning Channel-Base-Current Function Parameters using Genetic Algorithm.” 1–7.

[49] Izadi M, Ab Kadir MZA, Hajikhani M. On the lightning induced voltage along overhead power distribution line. J Electr Eng Technol, 2014, 9(5): 1694-1703

[50] Ramarao G, Chandrasekaran K. evaluating lightning channel-base-current function parameters for identifying interdependence of wavefront and tail by PSO method. IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat, 2019, 61(1): 183-190

[51] Malcolm N, Aggarwal RK. The impact of multiple lightning strokes on the energy absorbed by MOV surge arresters in wind farms during direct lightning strikes. Renew Energy, 2015, 83: 1305-1314

[52] ABB Switzerland Ltd Overvoltage Protection Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters in Medium-Voltage Systems (Application Guidelines), 2018 6 Wettingen, Switzerland: ABB Switzerland Ltd

[53] Pourakbari-Kasmaei M, Lehtonen M. Enhancing the protective performance of surge arresters against indirect lightning strikes via an inductor-based filter. Energies, 2020, 13(4754): 1-31.

[54] Hamza A-SHA. Application of surge arresters for the protection of Sf6 substations. Energy Convers Manag., 1997, 38(2): 131-149

[55] WG C4.407 (2013) Lightning Parameters for Engineering Applications. Cigre, 2013

[56] Hirahara K. Malaysia kelana jaya line power supply system. Meiden Rev, 2012, 156(3): 1-4.

[57] Izadi M, Ab Kadir MZA and Hajikhani M (2015) On the lightning electromagnetic fields due to channel with variable return stroke velocity. Math Probl Eng, vol. 2015, no. April 2016, 2015

[58] Rameli N, Ab Kadir MZA, Izadi M, Gomes C, Jasni J. Evaluation of lightning induced voltage due to the effect of design parameters on medium voltage distribution line. J Teknol Sci Eng, 2013, 64(4): 151-155.

Funding

Uniten Bold Grant