3D suitability evaluation of urban underground space using a variable weight method and considering ground restrictions

Abstract

The evaluation of urban underground space (UUS) suitability involves multiple indicators. Assigning weight to these indicators is crucial for accurate assessment. This paper presents a method for spatially variable weight assignment of indicators using the order relation analysis method (G₁-method), the entropy weight method, an improved grey relational analysis (GRA) and a set of spatial weight adjustment coefficients. First, the subjective and objective weights of indicators for engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions were determined by the G₁-method and entropy weight method, respectively, and their combined weights were then obtained using the principle of minimum discriminatory information. This study highlighted the impact of surface restrictions, such as buildings, on UUS, and the degree of the influence of these buildings gradually decreased with the increase in depth of the rock and soil mass in UUS, which resulted in changes in weights of indicators with depth. To address this issue, a coefficient was defined as the standardized value of the ratio of additional stress applied by restrictions to the self-weight stress of soil at the same depth to modify the combined weights so that all weights of indicators could vary in space. Finally, an improved GRA was used to determine the suitability level of each evaluation cell using the maximum correlation criterion. This method was applied to the 3D suitability evaluation of UUS in Sanlong Bay, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China, including 16 evaluation indexes. This study comprehensively considered the influence of multiple factors, thereby providing reference for evaluating the suitability of UUS in big cities.

Keywords

3D suitability evaluation / Urban underground space / Ground restriction / Variable weight method / Improved grey relational analysis

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Jian Pu: Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Investigation. Yu Huang: Conceptualization, Project administration. Yandong Bi: Data curation, Visualization. Zhen Guo: Validation, Formal analysis. Fei Deng: Methodology, Resources. Xingyue Li: Funding acquisition. Chong Xu: Supervision.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgement

The study is funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFC3007001). The authors sincerely thank Kang Liu for his engineering guidance in 3D geological modeling.

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