Quantitative evaluation of the contribution of underground space to urban resilience: A case study in China

Abstract

Urban underground space (UUS) development has been acknowledged as a positive contribution to urban resilience (UR). Such contribution has been qualitatively addressed in recent years, but only quantitatively discussed in few studies. Quantitative evaluation methods for UR are widely used in China and around the world, but the role of underground space is barely included. This paper provides a way to bridge this gap on the city scale. A UR evaluation framework was carefully constructed that covers the basic aspects and elements of UR. The contributions of UUS to UR were identified and integrated into the UR evaluation framework, and the measurement methods for each indicator related to UUS were determined. A case study of 19 sample cities in China were conducted using the integrated evaluation model. Correlation analysis and clustering analysis were further adopted to interpret the evaluation results, mainly with three indicators reflecting the level of UUS development, namely UUS area (m²), UUS density (10⁴ m²/km²) and UUS area per capita (m²/person). The results showed a strong correlation between UUS area and UR. The average proportion of UR provided by UUS in the 19 sample cities was 16.46%, while the maximum figure reached 29.20%. The sample cities were clustered into four categories based on the relationship between the proportion of UR provided by UUS, UUS area, and GDP per capita, where both high and low UUS area tend to provide less proportion of resilience than the medium UUS area. Corresponding suggestions for UUS utilization were proposed to assist cities in achieving urban resilience.

Keywords

Urban underground space (UUS) / Urban resilience / Resilience evaluation / Resilient development

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Si-Cong Liu: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing - original draft. Fang-Le Peng: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing - review & editing. Yong-Kang Qiao: Methodology, Writing - review & editing. Yun-Hao Dong: Methodology, Writing - review & editing.

Declaration of competing interest

Fangle Peng is an editorial board member for Underground Spaceand was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52090083 and 42071251).

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