Prevalence and clinical significance of rs9929218 in Cadherin 1 and rs6983267 in the 8q24 region among Kurdish colorectal cancer patients in Iraq

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide, with genetic factors playing a significant role in its pathogenesis. This study investigated the prevalence of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) -rs9929218 in the Cadherin 1 (CDH1) gene and rs6983267 in the 8q24 region among Kurdish CRC patients in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, and assessed their association with clinicopathological features. Blood samples from 290 CRC patients and 100 healthy controls were analyzed using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The frequency of rs9929218 was 20.34% in CRC patients compared to 70% in controls, while rs6983267 was detected in 26.55% of CRC cases versus 11% of controls. Both SNPs were significantly associated with CRC risk in univariate analyses; however, after adjusting for age, sex, tumor grade, and TNM stage in multivariate logistic regression, neither SNP remained an independent risk factor. Nonetheless, both SNPs showed significant associations with advanced tumor stage, nodal involvement, and perineural invasion, suggesting a potential role in disease progression rather than initiation. These findings enhance the understanding of CRC genetics in the Kurdish population and highlight the need for larger, functionally validated studies to confirm these associations.

Keywords

Colorectal cancer / Genetic polymorphism / CDH1 gene / 8q24 region / Cancer susceptibility / Kurdish population

Acknowledgments

None.

Funding

None.

Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflicts of interest.

Author contributions

This is a single-authored article.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Komar University of Science and Technology (Approval number: KUST-SP25-03-01-DEN). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before sample collection. The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent for publication

Written informed consent was obtained from all participants for the use or publish their anonymized data in this study.

Availability of data

Data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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