Photonic Crystal-Based Wi-Fi Patch Antenna Implemented on FR4 Substrate

Abstract

Antennas are an important part of the current ecology of wireless communication, particularly as it concerns Wi-Fi data rates. The traditional antennas suffer from the issues of urban bandwidth constraints and material efficiency. These issues lead to bad performance and coverage of services. The proposed work outlines a distinctive rectangular patch antenna designed on the photonic crystal structure and partial ground plane at the frequency of 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band (2.4–2.48 GHz). The antenna is constructed on 40 mm by 50 mm FR4 substrate with ε_r = 4.3, tan δ = 0.025, 1.6 mm thick and excite by 50-ohm microstrip inset-feed to provide the optimal impedance matching. It is carried out using CST Microwave Studio Suite 2024 in terms of the design, simulation, and performance assessment. It is remarkable that the antenna has VSWR of 1.039064, returnloss (S₁₁) of −34.26823 dB,andbandwidthof 180.043MHz(2.314581 GHzto 2.494624GHz).It wouldserveas anexcellent choice in many Wi-Fi applications because of its incredible gain of 2.86 dBi, directivity of 4.61 dBi, and a radiation efficiency of 66.88 percent. The compact size, the wide bandwidth, and the effective signal transmission characteristics of the proposed antenna make it easy to incorporate into the smart home systems of consumer electronics and numerous devices of the Internet of Things. This research aims at making the performance and reliability of current wireless communication network in dynamic environment better and reliable through the provision of a scalable solution.

Keywords

bandwidth / partial ground plane / FR4 photonic crystal substrate / rectangular patch antenna / CST

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