Flexible Tactile Sensors for Enhancing Robotic Perception

Abstract

As robotic technology advances towards autonomy and intelligence, tactile sensing systems have become a key technology for overcoming the bottleneck of environmental interaction. Unlike visual perception, which captures macroscopic information, tactile sensing provides precise mechanical feedback for robotic manipulation by real-time analysis of microscopic physical parameters such as contact force, material properties, and surface morphology. This is particularly important in application scenarios that require high precision in force control, such as minimally invasive surgery and precision assembly, where the sensitivity, multimodal perception capabilities, and environmental adaptability of tactile sensors directly determine the operational performance of the robotic system. However, traditional tactile sensors are limited by rigid structures, limited sensitivity, and a single perception modality, making it difficult to meet the demands of complex interactions. In recent years, breakthroughs in flexible electronic materials, biomimetic microstructure design, and multimodal sensing integration technologies have provided innovative opportunities for tactile sensing systems. This review provides a detailed overview of the key technological advancements in tactile sensors and their applications in robotic surfaces, analyzes the major challenges currently faced, and looks ahead to future development directions, particularly the potential in flexible materials and intelligent algorithms.

Keywords

tactile sensor / robot / pressure sensor / multifunctional sensing

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