Remotely triggerable transient materials can couple on-demand functional reconfiguration with clean end-of-life control in soft systems. Here, we present a laser-addressable silicone elastomer composite that undergoes rapid thermochemical liquefaction under femtosecond laser pulses. The composite integrates Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs) as photothermal transducers and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI-HFP) powders as thermally activated fluoride generators, which catalyze Si-O bond cleavage. Localized photothermal heating initiates decomposition at moderate fluence and enables device-scale erasure under significantly lower energy input than direct laser ablation of pristine Ecoflex. Systematic studies elucidate how photothermal filler content and thermal conductivity determine triggering thresholds and govern decomposition kinetics. Before triggering, the material retains high elasticity and mechanical robustness, enabling its use as a substrate for stretchable electronics and as a strain-limiting layer for transformable soft actuators. Proof-of-concept devices demonstrate spatially selective erasure of electronic components and remote reprogramming of actuator kinematics without contact or bulk heating. This elastomeric transient platform bridges mechanical compliance with stand-off and programmable termination, providing a route to spatiotemporally resolved state control in soft electronics and robotics.

Blockages in cerebral arteries restrict blood flow to the brain, leading to several life-threatening conditions such as stroke. The standard treatment, known as catheter-assisted balloon angioplasty, involves threading a mechanical guidewire and catheter-mounted balloon to the blockage, where the balloon is inflated to reopen the blocked artery. However, this approach struggles with the limited navigation capability of pre-shaped guidewires and catheters, especially in tortuous and small arteries with diameters ≤ 2 mm. Emerging miniature robots offer a potential alternative for catheter-free angioplasty via wirelessly actuated expansion. Still, they typically require high-power electromagnetic coils and short actuation distances, limiting their practicality for small-vessel interventions. In this work, we introduce a magnetic balloon fiberbot (MBF) that synthesizes advanced materials, electromagnetic resonance strategies, and minimally invasive magnetic actuation. The MBF incorporates a magnetically deflectable tip for navigating complex vasculature, along with a phase-change balloon integrated into a nitinol-cored polydimethylsiloxane fiber. Under low-power microwave heating (50 W at 15 cm), the balloon expands safely within 42-50 °C. This efficient heating stems from a carbon-nanotube coating that absorbs energy effectively, combined with the electromagnetic resonance of the optimized nitinol core. The nitinol core thus acts as both a structural backbone and a microwave-coupling element. We validate MBF performance in vitro using a 3D cerebrovascular phantom and ex vivo in porcine placenta models. With reduced power demands, long-range actuation, and favorable biocompatibility, the MBF represents a promising catheter-free strategy for minimally invasive treatment of blockages in small arteries.

Stable and high-fidelity electrophysiological monitoring with dry epidermal electrodes remains limited by interfacial air gaps and mechanical mismatch, which induce dynamic impedance fluctuations and severe motion artifacts during skin deformation. Here, we introduce an ethanol-triggered interfacial reconstruction strategy that directly fabricates a ~5 µm-thick conductive nanomesh onto the epidermis, seamlessly conforming to complex skin micro-textures. This interfacial reconstruction effectively eliminates trapped air gaps, reduces mechanical mismatch, and establishes a stable low-impedance bioelectronic interface (37.8 kΩ at 100 Hz). Thus, it enables high-quality electrophysiological recordings with higher signal-to-noise ratio compared to commercial gel electrodes. The resulting nanomesh electrode exhibits high breathability and conformality, robust resistance to sweat, and on-demand ethanol-assisted removability. Hence, it allows long-term, irritation-free monitoring of electrophysiological signals under dynamic deformation and wet conditions. This thin epidermal electrode provides a new pathway toward reliable acquisition of electrophysiological signals, offering broad potential for personalized health monitoring, early disease diagnosis, and next-generation brain-computer interfaces.

Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is an emerging mask-less, direct-write additive manufacturing technology with considerable potential for flexible electronics. Its advantages include conformal printing on complex three-dimensional surfaces, broad material compatibility, and high-precision digital patterning. This review systematically summarizes innovative process strategies in AJP, including spanning aerosol jet focusing, deposition, and post-processing for flexible electronics, and highlights recent advances in printable material systems and their applications. First, the working principle of AJP is introduced, with emphasis on pneumatic and ultrasonic atomization, printing characteristics, and the main factors that affect process performance. Key process innovations for high-resolution printing and post-processing are then discussed, and strategies for highly conformal printing on freeform surfaces are analyzed. For material systems, this review summarizes the ink design requirements for AJP and classifies recent progress in representative inks, including conductive, semiconducting, dielectric, and biological inks. In particular, the section on conductive inks focuses on stretchable inks and low-temperature curable inks developed for flexible electronics. Representative applications of AJP are further discussed in flexible electronics, sensors and actuators, energy harvesting and storage devices, bioelectronics, and biomedical devices. Finally, future research directions are outlined, including multi-physics modeling, intelligent conformal printing systems, co-design of high-performance inks, and application-oriented reliability assessment. This review aims to provide a systematic theoretical basis and practical guidance for advancing AJP from laboratory research to engineering applications.

Biodegradable bioelectronic systems require materials that can mechanically integrate with soft tissues while minimizing long-term invasiveness. Conventional electronic materials, owing to their high stiffness, often cause mechanical mismatch with biological tissues, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. To address these challenges, biodegradable conductive materials based on organic and polymeric systems have emerged as promising candidates for transient, biofriendly electronics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in biodegradable conductive systems, including conductive polymers, conductive composite pastes, and organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors (OMIECs). The discussion covers material design strategies that simultaneously address electrical performance, mechanical compliance, and degradability in both partially and fully degradable systems. Particular attention is given to the relationships among degradation behavior, microstructure, and device stability, which play critical roles in determining functional lifetime. The scope further extends to key bioelectronic applications, including bioelectrical stimulation, drug delivery, sensing, and neuromorphic systems, demonstrating the versatility of these materials across diverse platforms. Emphasis is placed on providing an integrated perspective for the design of next-generation transient bioelectronic systems based on biodegradable organic conductors.

Organ function relies on dynamic electrical and electrochemical signaling that governs processes ranging from cardiac conduction and neural activity to gastrointestinal (GI) regulation and endocrine communication. Bioelectronic devices have demonstrated clinical impact in applications such as cardiac pacing, cochlear implants, retinal prostheses, and continuous glucose monitoring. However, when deployed on soft, wet, and continuously moving organs, the long-term stability of the device–tissue interface becomes a key challenge due to mechanical mismatch, biofouling, and degradation in physiological environments. Increasing evidence suggests that universal device architectures are insufficient for reliable long-term operation across organs with distinct mechanical, biochemical, and immunological microenvironments. Organ-specific bioelectronics has therefore emerged as a design paradigm in which materials, device structures, and system architectures are co-optimized according to the deformation modes, chemical conditions, and biological responses of individual tissues. Recent advances include ultracompliant neural interfaces that minimize inflammatory responses, GI resident devices capable of operating under strong peristalsis and chemical exposure, stretchable epidermal electronics that seamlessly integrate with skin mechanics, and epicardial or renal surface patches for monitoring visceral organs. This review summarizes recent developments in organ-specific bioelectronics from integrated perspectives of materials, device structures, and biological systems. Key material platforms, fabrication strategies, and representative applications are highlighted, followed by discussion of challenges in long-term biostability, scalable manufacturing, wireless power and data communication, and clinical translation, as well as future opportunities for organ-mimetic electronic interfaces enabling continuous monitoring and therapeutic modulation.

Flexible tactile sensors serve as the essential sensory interfaces for compliant physical interaction in advanced intelligent systems, such as embodied intelligence robotics and smart wearable devices. To meet the increasing demand for rich and precise tactile information, achieving high-resolution perception has become a vital performance metric for these flexible tactile sensing systems. This review presents a systematic overview of flexible tactile sensors from the perspective of high-resolution realization mechanisms, mainly encompassing two paradigms: array-based spatial information sampling via discrete taxel layouts, and array-free spatial information inference over continuous tactile sensing medium. First, dense taxel layouts are introduced as conventional array-based strategies for high-resolution realization. Then, the emerging sparse layout strategies enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are described, achieving super-resolution sensing beyond physical layout density. Subsequently, we summarize the array-free strategies for high-resolution tactile sensing over continuous sensing medium, focusing on physics-based inference and learning-based prediction. In addition, we show typical examples of their applications in enhanced interaction scenarios. Finally, future trends toward scalable, generalizable, multimodal, and highly integrated flexible tactile sensing systems are discussed, with scientific challenges and potential development pathways outlined.

Silent speech interfaces decode intended speech from physiological signals without the need for vocalized sound. These systems provide an alternative modality to voice-based spoken communication, addressing limitations posed by physiological constraints and environmental interferences. This review presents a comprehensive overview of bio-integrated systems for silent speech recognition, with emphasis on their physiological relevance, state-of-the-art hardware designs, signal characteristics, and machine learning (ML)-assisted speech decoding pipelines. Based on the level of physical intrusion into the body, bio-integrated speech interfaces can be categorized into epidermal, intraoral, and surgically embedded systems. Each modality captures distinct physiological signals involved in speech production. The design of bio-integrated systems involves critical trade-offs among recognition accuracy, invasiveness, portability, and robustness. Recent advances in flexible and stretchable electronics have significantly enhanced device comfort, signal quality, and integration level across these modalities. This review also outlines recent progress in ML-assisted signal processing pipelines, including preprocessing, feature extraction, ML model architectures, and evaluation metrics. Both signal-to-text and signal-to-audio approaches are discussed. Finally, application scenarios such as assistive communication, human-machine interaction, and user authentication are introduced, followed by an outlook on current challenges and emerging research directions that position this field for transformative clinical and consumer applications.