Consensus statement of Chinese experts on exercise prescription (2023)

Abstract

Exercise prescriptions play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. A consensus regarding exercise prescription is important for physical health. The “Consensus statement of Chinese experts on exercise prescription” (hereinafter referred to as “Expert Consensus”) divides exercise prescription into two categories: fitness exercise prescription and medical exercise prescription. Traditional Chinese fitness exercises, exercise risk, exercise prescription, and basic precautions for exercise prescription are explained.

Keywords

Physical medicine integration / Physical health integration / Exercise is medicine

References

1.	F.C. Bull, S.S. Al-Ansari, S. Biddle, et al.. World Health Organization. World Health Organization2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour.Br J Sports Med, 54 (24)(2020), pp. 1451-1462, 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
2	2. Composing and Editorial Board of Physical Activity Guidelines for Chinese. Physical Activity Guidelines for Chinese. [Article in Chinese].Chin J Prev Med, 56 (1) (2021), pp. 7-8, 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20211119-01070, 2022
3.	D.L. Swift, J.E. Mcgee, C.P. Earnest,et al..The effects of exercise and physical activity on weight loss and maintenance.Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 61 (2)(2018), pp. 206-213, 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.014
4.	J.A. Kanaley, S.R. Colberg, M.H. Corcoran, et al..Exercise/physical activity in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American College of Sports Medicine.Med Sci Sports Exerc.Exercise/physical activity in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American College of Sports Medicine.Med Sci Sports Exerc, 54 (2) (2022), pp. 353-368, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002800
5.	L.S. Pescatello, D.M. Buchner, J.M. Jakicic, et al.. Physical activity to prevent. Physical activity to prevent and treat hypertension: a systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 51 (6) (2019), pp. 14-23, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001943
6.	B.A. Franklin, T.M.H.Eijsvogels, A. Pandey, et al.. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: a clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology part II: physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations. Am J Prev Cardiol, 12 (2022), Article 100425, 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100425
7.	A.V. Patel, C.M. Friedenreich, S.C. Moore, et al.. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable report on physical activity. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable report on physical activity, sedentary behavior,cancer prevention and control. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 51 (11) (2019), pp. 2391-2402, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002117
8.	G.S. Metsios, K.A. Stavropoulos, V.Z. Veldhuijzen, et al.. Rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease and physical exercise: a systematic review. Rheumatology, 47 (3) (2008), pp. 239-248, 10.1093/rheumatology/kem260
9.	A.K. Rausch, K. Niedermann, J. Braun, et al.. EULAR recommendations for physical activity in people with inflammatory arthritis. EULAR recommendations for physical activity in people with inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis, 77 (9) (2018), pp. 51-60, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213585. 2018
10.	B.R. Beck, R.M. Daly, M.A. Singh,et al.. Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) position statement on exercise prescription for the prevention and management of osteoporosis. J Sci Med Sport, 20 (5)(2017), pp. 438-445, 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.10.001
11.	D. Segev, D. Hellerstein, A. Dunsky. Physical activity-does it really increase bone density in postmenopausal women? A review of articles published between2001-2016. Curr Aging Sci, 11 (1)(2018), pp. 4-9, 10.2174/1874609810666170918170744
12.	C.M. Weaver, C.M. Gordon, K.F. Janz, et al.. The National Osteoporosis Foundation’s position statement on peak bone mass development. The National Osteoporosis Foundation’s position statement on peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematic review and implementation recommendations. Osteoporos Int, 27 (4) (2016), pp. 1281-1386, 10.1007/s00198-015-3440-3
13.	K.B. Gunter, H.C. Almstedt, K.F. Janz. Physical activity in childhood may be the key to optimizing lifespan skeletal health. Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 40 (1) (2012), pp. 13-21, 10.1097/JES.0b013e318236e5ee
14.	S. Pallikadavath, G.M. Walters, T.A. Kite, et al.. Exercise, inflammation and acute cardiovascular events. Exerc Immunol Rev, 28(2022), pp. 93-103
15.	B.A. Franklin. Preventing exercise-related cardiovascular events: is a medical examination more urgent for physical activity or inactivity?. Circulation, 129 (10) (2014), pp. 1081-1084, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.007641
16.	B.A. Franklin, P.D. Thompson, S.S. Al-Zaiti, et al.. Exercise-related acute cardiovascular events. Exercise-related acute cardiovascular events and potential deleterious adaptations following long-term exercise training: placing the risks into perspective-an update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 141 (13) (2020), pp. 705-736, 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000749
17	17. F. Chang, G. Li. Actuality and ideality of symbiotic relationship between sports and medicine on the background of health China strategy. [Article in Chinese]. Chin Sport Sci, 39 (6) (2019), pp. 13-21, 10.16469/j.css.201906002
18.	C.M. Tipton. Historical perspective: the antiquity of exercise, exercise physiology and the exercise prescription for health. World Rev Nutr Diet, 98 (2008), pp. 198-245, 10.1159/000152989
19	19. D. Riebe. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, Wang Z, trans-ed. [in Chinese]. People’s Medical Publishing House (2019)
20	20. X. Luo, Z. Wang, X. Li, X. Zhang, R. Gao, B. Li. The evolution and development of the ACSM’s exercise preparticipation screening. [Article in Chinese]. Chin J Sports Med, 39 (5)(2020), pp. 413-418, 10.16038/j.1000-6710.2020.05.014
21	21. L. Feng. Exercise prescription . [Book in Chinese]. Higher Education Press (2020), pp. 98-105
22	22. Z. Wang, J. Xu, Y. Wang. Exercise prescription. [Book in Chinese] (third ed.), Higher Education Press (2021), pp. 62-75
23.	Liguori Gary.ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription.(eleventh ed.), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins(2021), pp. 224-226
24	24. W. Cai. Meshwork Meta analysis of exercise therapy effects on blood pressure in middle-aged and elderly people. [Article in Chinese]. J Longyan Univ, 40 (5)(2022), pp. 78-85, 10.16813/j.cnki.cn35-1286/g4.2022.05.012
25	25. X. Hu, G. Zhang, B. Lian. Experimental researches on the telemetric heart rates in doing daoyinyang shenggong. [Article in Chinese]. J Beijing Univ Phys Educ, 20 (2)(1997), pp. 28-34, 10.19582/j.cnki.11-3785/g8.1997.02.008
26	26. H. Wang, J. Zhao, H. Yuan, C. Chen, S. Shi. Looking at Zhuangzi’s wisdom in health preservation from “Paoding Jieniu”. [Article in Chinese]. Contemp Sports Technol., 7 (8)(2017), pp. 221-224, 10.16655/j.cnki.2095-2813.2017.08.221
27	27. J. Zhao, A. Zhang. The active turn of China’s mass sports under the influence of “COVID-19” epidemic situation. [Article in Chinese]. Zhejiang Sport Sci, 43 (6) (2021), pp. 22-28
28.	Z.M. Bai, R. Nunez, T. Luo, et al.. The effect of Baduanjin exercise on university students with neck/shoulder muscle strength imbalance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 52 (7s) (2020), p. 325
29	29. X. Liu, B. Wang, Z. Wu. Research on the strategy of belt and road and the internationalization of traditional health sport. [Article in Chinese]. J Tradit Chin Med, 28 (14)(2020), pp. 1-5, 10.16690/j.cnki.1007-9203.2020.14.002
30	30. M. Jia, Z. Wang, B. Li. Origin and development of exercise prescription in traditional Chinese medicine. [Article in Chinese]. China Sport Sci, 37 (10) (2017), pp. 65-71, 10.16469/j.css.201710008
31.	M.J. Karvonen, E. Kentala, O. Mustala. The effects of training on heart rate: a longitudinal Study. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn, 35 (3) (1957), pp. 307-315
32.	M. Guazzi. Clinician’s guide to cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 122 (2) (2010), p. 191, 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181e52e69
33.	C. Webb, P.R. Vehrs, J.D. George, R. Hager.Estimating VO 2max using a personalized step test. Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci, 18 (3)(2014), pp. 184-197, 10.1080/1091367X.2014.912985
34	34. W. Zhu. The past, present and future of exercise prescription. [Article in Chinese]. Sport Sci Res, 41 (1) (2020), pp. 1-18, 10.12064/ssr.20200101
35	35. Z. Wang. Research and application progress of exercise prescriptions. [Article in Chinese]. J Sports Res, 35 (3) (2021), pp. 40-49, 10.15877/j.cnki.nsic.20210601.001