Promising trends for agricultural biogas plants: techno–economic and environmental considerations

Abstract

Academic research continuously proposes novel and potentially transformative concepts for biogas production. However, many of these innovations remain difficult to implement under real-world economic and regulatory conditions. This paper identifies technological pathways with completed development and testing (TRL ≥ 6) applicable to the agricultural biogas plant sector and evaluates them from integrated techno-economic and environmental perspectives within the current market and policy context. A structured screening of scientific publications and patents was conducted to identify technologies that have progressed beyond laboratory experimentation and demonstrate realistic integration potential in existing agricultural biogas infrastructure. The most promising innovation trends were identified in three main domains: feedstock pre-treatment, process control, and the valorization of process outputs. Attention is devoted to technological synergies that can arise from combining these approaches. In particular, the strategic utilization of surplus energy (especially waste heat generated during biogas-to-electricity conversion) for feedstock disintegration, together with the valorization of residual streams such as digestate or pyrolysis products, can improve real–world implementation by generating measurable techno–economic and environmental benefits.

Graphical abstract

References

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