Methanol-free secretory overproduction of glucoamylase in Komagataella phaffii using an improved transcriptional signal amplification device (iTSAD)

Yixuan She , Yan Zhang , Yingjie Hou , Na Xu , Xiaosong Gu

Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing ›› 2026, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (5) : 139

PDF
Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing ›› 2026, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (5) :139 DOI: 10.1007/s43393-026-00544-7
Original Article
research-article
Methanol-free secretory overproduction of glucoamylase in Komagataella phaffii using an improved transcriptional signal amplification device (iTSAD)
Author information +
History +
PDF

Abstract

Glucoamylase is one of the most widely produced enzymes globally with diverse applications, such as in the fields of food, bioenergy, and papermaking. Microbially expressed glucoamylase serves as a potential additive in industrial alcohol fermentation to improve the utilization rate of starch. Komagataella phaffii is widely recognized for its capacity for high-density fermentation and efficient secretion of heterologous proteins, making it an ideal host for large-scale production under relatively simple fermentation conditions. However, the expression of glucoamylase in Komagataella phaffii currently faces challenges, including the potential toxicity of methanol as an inducer and overall low production yields. In this study, we first employed the improved transcription signal amplification device (iTSAD) in Komagataella phaffii to express the glucoamylase from Schizophyllum commune, achieving a titer of 3.31 g/L in a 5-L bioreactor along with a maximum glucoamylase activity of 5.2 U/mL. This study represents the first demonstration of high-efficiency methanol-free production of glucoamylase in Komagataella phaffii and provides strategies for the efficient expression and secretion of other industrial enzymes in Komagataella phaffii.

Keywords

Glucoamylase / Komagataella phaffii / LacI-LacO and TetR-TetO regulatory systems / CRISPR/Cas9 / Improved transcriptional signal amplification device (iTSAD)

Cite this article

Download citation ▾
Yixuan She, Yan Zhang, Yingjie Hou, Na Xu, Xiaosong Gu. Methanol-free secretory overproduction of glucoamylase in Komagataella phaffii using an improved transcriptional signal amplification device (iTSAD). Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing, 2026, 6 (5) : 139 DOI:10.1007/s43393-026-00544-7

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户 忘记密码

References

[1]

Ashkari T, Nakamura N, Tanaka Y, et al.. Rhizopus raw-starch-degrading glucoamylase: its cloning and expression in yeast. Agric Biol Chem, 1986, 50(4957-64

[2]

Bagheri A, Khodarahmi R, Mostafaie A. Purification and biochemical characterisation of glucoamylase from a newly isolated : relation to starch processing. Food Chem, 2014, 161: 270-8

[3]

Bai F, Cai P, Yao L, et al.. Inducible regulating homologous recombination enables precise genome editing in without perturbing cellular fitness. Trends Biotechnol, 2025, 43(6): 1385-402

[4]

Brízová K, Králová B, Demnerová K, et al.. Isolation and characterization of alpha-glucosidase from. J Chromatogr, 1992, 593(1–2): 125-31

[5]

Chavan AR, Raghunathan A, Venkatesh KV. Modeling and experimental studies on intermittent starch feeding and citrate addition in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starch to flavor compounds. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 2009, 36(4): 509-19

[6]

Delic M, Valli M, Graf AB, et al.. The secretory pathway: exploring yeast diversity. FEMS Microbiol Rev, 2013, 37(6): 872-914

[7]

Douglas Crabb W, Mitchinson C. Enzymes involved in the processing of starch to sugars. Trends Biotechnol, 1997, 15(9): 349-52

[8]

Ergün BG, Demir İ, Özdamar TH, et al.. Engineered deregulation of expression in yeast with designed hybrid-promoter architectures in coordination with discovered master regulator transcription factor. Adv Biosyst, 2020, 4(4): e1900172

[9]

Gao J, Xu J, Zuo Y, et al.. Synthetic biology toolkit for marker-less integration of multigene pathways into via CRISPR/Cas9. ACS Synth Biol, 2022, 11(2): 623-33

[10]

Gasser B, Saloheimo M, Rinas U, et al.. Protein folding and conformational stress in microbial cells producing recombinant proteins: a host comparative overview. Microb Cell Fact, 2008, 7 11

[11]

Gormick AN, Zahm AM, Himes SR, et al.. High-throughput characterization of tetracycline repressor function on tetracycline operator 2 variants. ACS Synth Biol, 2025, 14(6): 1912-1919

[12]

Guerfal M, Ryckaert S, Jacobs PP, et al.. The HAC1 gene from Pichia pastoris: characterization and effect of its overexpression on the production of secreted, surface displayed and membrane proteins. Microb Cell Fact, 2010, 9 49

[13]

Haghighi Poodeh S, Ranaei Siadat SO, Arjmand S, et al.. Improving AOX1 promoter efficiency by overexpression of Mit1 transcription factor. Mol Biol Rep, 2022, 49(10): 9379-86

[14]

Karbalaei M, Rezaee SA, Farsiani H. Pichia pastoris: a highly successful expression system for optimal synthesis of heterologous proteins. J Cell Physiol, 2020, 235(9): 5867-81

[15]

Kumar P, Satyanarayana T. Microbial glucoamylases: characteristics and applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol, 2009, 29(3): 225-55

[16]

Li S, Xiao F, He H, et al.. Multilevel regulation of lactose operon in Bacillus licheniformis: coordination of LacR, CcpA and TnrA regulators. Food Biosci, 2024, 61 104811

[17]

Liu Q, Song L, Peng Q, et al.. A programmable high-expression yeast platform responsive to user-defined signals. Sci Adv, 2022, 8(6): eabl5166

[18]

Liu Y, Bai C, Liu Q, et al.. Engineered ethanol-driven biosynthetic system for improving production of acetyl-CoA derived drugs in Crabtree-negative yeast. Metab Eng, 2019, 54: 275-84

[19]

Liu M, Li Z, Huang J, et al.. OptoLacI: optogenetically engineered lactose operon repressor LacI responsive to light instead of IPTG. Nucleic Acids Res, 2024, 52(13): 8003-16

[20]

Liu SH, Chou WI, Sheu CC, et al.. Improved secretory production of glucoamylase in by combination of genetic manipulations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2005, 326(4): 817-24

[21]

Menendez J, Valdes I, Cabrera N. The gene of , transcriptional regulation and use of its promoter. Yeast, 2003, 20(13): 1097-108

[22]

Menzella HG, Ceccarelli EA, Gramajo HC. Novel escherichia coli strain allows efficient recombinant protein production using lactose as inducer. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2003, 82(7): 809-17

[23]

Ory RLJFA. Enzymes in food and beverage processing. Food Australia, 1994, 46(4): 179-81

[24]

Prabhu RR, Parashar D, Satyanarayana T. Production and characteristics of the recombinant extracellular bifunctional endoglucanase of the polyextremophilic bacterium and its applicability in saccharifying agro-residues. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 2017, 40(5): 651-62

[25]

Su T, Che C, Han J, et al.. The TetR-type regulator AtsR is involved in multidrug response in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact, 2022, 21(1): 123

[26]

Taibi H, Boudries N, Abdelhai M, et al.. Comparison of immobilized and free amyloglucosidase process in glucose syrups production from white sorghum starch. Chem Biodivers, 2023, 20(8): e202300071

[27]

Vieira IPV, Pimentel FSA, Coelho CM, et al.. Use of an on/off tetracycline riboswitch to control protein production in Komagataella phaffii. AMB Express, 2023, 13(1): 131

[28]

Vogl T, Sturmberger L, Fauland PC, et al.. Methanol independent induction in by simple derepressed overexpression of single transcription factors. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2018, 115(4): 1037-50

[29]

Vogl T, Glieder A. Regulation of Pichia pastoris promoters and its consequences for protein production. N Biotechnol, 2013, 30(4): 385-404

[30]

Wang X, Liao B, Li Z, et al.. Reducing glucoamylase usage for commercial-scale ethanol production from starch using glucoamylase expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioresour Bioprocess, 2021, 8(1): 20

[31]

Wang X, Zhang X, Mao Y, et al.. Ethanol-inducible bioproduction of human α-Lactalbumin in. J Agric Food Chem, 2025, 73(15): 9246-60

[32]

Wang X, Wang Q, Wang J, et al.. Mit1 transcription factor mediates methanol signaling and regulates the alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter in. J Biol Chem, 2016, 291(12): 6245-61

[33]

Wang J, Wang X, Shi L, et al.. Methanol-independent protein expression by AOX1 promoter with trans-acting elements engineering and glucose-glycerol-shift induction in Pichia pastoris. Sci Rep, 2017, 7 41850

[34]

Wei X, Cong W, Zhou H, et al.. Decode and rewire: programming for bioproduction with synthetic transcriptional tools. Trends Biotechnol, 2026

[35]

Wen J, Tian L, Liu Q, et al.. Engineered dynamic distribution of malonyl-CoA flux for improving polyketide biosynthesis in. J Biotechnol, 2020, 320: 80-5

[36]

Xu P, Li L, Zhang F, et al.. Improving fatty acids production by engineering dynamic pathway regulation and metabolic control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2014, 111(31): 11299-304

[37]

Yasuda M, Kuwae M, Matsushita H. Purification and properties of two forms of glucoamylase from sp. 3403. Agric Biol Chem, 1989, 53(1): 247-9

[38]

Zhan C, Yang Y, Zhang Z, et al.. Transcription factor Mxr1 promotes the expression of Aox1 by repressing glycerol transporter 1 in. FEMS Yeast Res, 2017

Funding

Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2025AFD283)

Hubei Provincial Technology Innovation Programme Project of China(2025BCA006)

Rights & permissions

Jiangnan University

PDF

0

Accesses

0

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/